晚唐高駢開鑿安南「天威遙」運河事蹟釋證──以裴鉶所撰《天威遙碑》為中心的考察

An Interpretation of Gao Pian's Construction of the An'nan Tianweiyao Canal During the Late Tang Period: Discussion of the ''Inscription of the Tianweiyao Tablet'' Composed by Pei Xing

晚唐懿宗咸通年間，高駢率領唐軍從南詔手中收復安南都護府後，開鑿了一條人工運河──「天威遙」，以疏通安南海上通道。其直接原因，是晚唐對安南地區數額巨大的軍需糧餉運輸，而更深層的原因則是唐朝安南海上通道在政治、軍事和海外貿易中所發揮的重要作用。這一事件無論在當時還是後來都產生了深遠影響。正史等資料對此均有專門而簡略的記載。作為高駢幕僚的裴鉶則撰有《天威遙碑》，詳盡地記載了這一歷史事件的來龍去脈，具有十分重要的史料價值。本文考察了歷史上《天威遙碑》文本的流傳、「天威遙」的確切地點以及漢唐時期安南海上通道的重要意義。同時認為，《天威遙碑》等大量資料將這一工程的最終完成歸功於「雷公電母」，是北方官員士大夫與北部灣沿岸所盛行的「雷神」信仰關係密切的反映。

After commanding an army in the recovery of the An'nan protectorate (安南都護府) from the Nanzhao regime during the Xiantong period (860-873) of Tang Emperor Yizong's reign, Gao Pian (高駢) built a canal called Tianweiyao (天威遙) so as to provide the An'nan region with a route to the sea. The most immediate reason behind the construction of this canal involved the necessity of transporting large amounts of military supplies to the An'nan region, but the deeper reason motivating the construction was the important role that such a sea route would play in the politics, military affairs, and overseas trade of the Tang dynasty. Tianweiyao had a profound impact at the time of its construction, and it was to continue to exercise such an impact into later periods as well. Compared to specific but brief records about Tianweiyao found in sources such as dynastic histories, the ''Inscription of the Tianweiyao Tablet,'' composed by one of Gao Pian's staff, Pei Xing (裴鉶). describes the construction of Tianweiyao in great detail and is thus of significant historical value. This article investigates the circulation of the ''Inscription of the Tianweiyao Tablet'' throughout history, the precise location of Tianweiyao, and the significance of the An'nan sea route from the Han to the Tang dynasty. The article also points out that the ''Inscription of the Tianweiyao Tablet,'' along with various other materials, attributes the completion of the canal project to the Lord of Thunder (Leigong 雷公) and the Mother of Lightning (Dianmu 電母), a phenomenon which reflects the close relationship between northern government officials and literati and the Thunder God belief popular along the Gulf of Tonkin (北部灣) coast.