個體化競賽與社會支持：大學生轉專業歷程研究

Self-Responsibility Competition and Social Supports: Study on the Process of Changing Major of College Students

轉專業對於大學生來說是一件改變學習和生活軌跡的重要事件，但有關大學生轉專業歷程的研究很少。通過敘事研究對大學生轉專業歷程、挑戰、對策與社會支持情況進行分析發現，大學生轉專業歷程可分為探索期、準備及嘗試期、成功及適應期三個階段，有部分大學生經歷失敗及再次嘗試階段。大學生轉專業面臨環境與個人方面挑戰，採取對策包括適應環境和提升自我競爭力，得到社會支持包括正式－非正式、工具性－表達性類型。轉專業過程是個體化競賽過程，學校提供公平競爭環境和裁判，大學生自主爭取專業選擇權。研究認為大學應弱化轉專業過程競賽屬性，強化正式支持的系統性和計劃性，增加正式與非正式支持協同性，增能大學生在轉專業過程中獲得成長。

Changing major is an important event for college students which change their trajectory of study and life, but there is little research on the process of changing major. Through narrative research, this paper analyzes the process, challenges, countermeasures and social supports of changing major, and finds it can commonly be divided into three stages: exploration period, preparation and trial period, success and adaptation period, and some other college students experience failure and re-trial stage. College students have to deal with environmental and personal challenges during the process of changing major. Their countermeasures include adapting to the environment and improving self-competitiveness. Their social supports include formal-informal, instrumental-emotional types. The process of changing major is a self-responsibility competition process. The university provides a fair competition environment and judges, and college students independently strive for the right to choose a major. This article suggest that universities should weaken the competitive attribute in the process of changing major. They should strengthen the systematization and planning of formal support, and increase the synergy between formal and informal support, so as to enable college students to grow in the process of changing major.