華人文化下癌症患者的靈性需求：從概念界定到對靈性社會工作的意涵

The Spiritual Needs of Cancer Patients under the Traditional Chinese Culture：From A Concept Analysis to Implications for Spiritual Social Work

靈性需求是社會工作對癌症患者開展服務時需要考量的重要面向，其屬性與內涵深受文化脈絡影響，現有的靈性需求概念界定多來自西方社會，並不完全適合深受傳統華人文化影響的人群。本文透過文獻分析來釐清華人文化下癌症患者靈性需求的概念，提出華人文化下癌症患者的靈性需求具有文化獨特性，其靈性需求的滿足與以下方面有緊密關聯：洞悉「善生」與「善終」的意義；追求「善生」與「善終」；擁有希望與平和；保持家庭內部的親密與信任；能維持與自己、他人以及超越之間的良好關係。本文彌補了基於西方主流文化脈絡的靈性需求定義中對「家庭」和其它文化語境重視不足的缺陷。在此基礎上，本研究亦希望透過將在概念和相關事實知識上的新發現應用於社會工作教育、社會工作服務輸送和社會福利政策制定，有助於對華人文化下的癌症患者提供具有文化勝任力的靈性關懷，增加其福祉，並進一步促進全球社會福利和社會工作領域中對靈性需求的多元文化理解和交流。

Spiritual needs are an important aspect that social work needs to consider when providing services for cancer patients. Its attributes and connotations are deeply influenced by cultural context. The current definition of spiritual needs is mostly based on western society, which is not completely suitable for people deeply influenced by traditional Chinese culture. This paper uses document analysis to clarify the spiritual needs of cancer patients in Chinese culture, and proposes that the spiritual needs of cancer patients in Chinese culture are culturally unique, and the fulfillment of their spiritual needs is closely related to the following aspects: understanding the meaning of ''good living'' and ''good death'', pursuing ''good living'' and ''good death'', having hope and peace, maintaining intimacy and trust within the family, and keeping good relationships with oneself, others and transcendence. This paper makes up for the lack of emphasis on ''family'' and other cultural contexts in previous definitions. On this basis, it is also hoped that by applying the new findings of the concept and factual knowledge to social work education, social work service delivery and social welfare policy formulation, this study will contribute to the provision of culturally competent spiritual care for cancer patients in Chinese culture and increase their well-being. And to further promote multicultural understanding and communication of spiritual needs in global social welfare and social work.