參與行政之法制架構初探

Preliminary Study on the Framework of Participatory Public Administration

對抗行政權的群眾抗爭運動近來已成為一種遍佈全球的流行趨勢，幾乎處處可見。面對此種現象，將行政權予以民主化的呼聲也就越來越強；其具體作法就是將人民納入行政權的決策或決定之中，使行政權本身亦取得相當程度的民主正當性基礎，此即所謂的參與行政或公眾參與理念。本文先對參與行政之概念進行界定，並分析其類型；進而闡述其制度功能與制度本身之侷限。然後再透過對我國特別是在環境影響評估與都市計畫或更新等領域之行政實務及司法裁判進行分析，嘗試提出我國若欲建構參與行政制度所需要的基本法制配備，以及讓參與行政機制得以順暢運作所不可或缺的經濟、社會背景條件。

In recent times, there has been a worldwide trend toward increased popular protest movements against administrative decisions. The call for democratization of administrative power is getting stronger and stronger. In order to resolve public grievances and consolidate the ruling power, the idea of involvement of the public in the affairs and decisions of public administration is frequently referred to as public participation or participative administration. In this article, we try to define the concept of public participation and its typology. Furthermore, the functions that public participation could perform and its institutional limitations. Through the analysis of administrative practices and judicial judgements in the domain of environmental impact assessment and urban planning in Taiwan, this article proposes the basic requirements and background conditions for establishing a good public participation.