運用空間資訊參數、三維空間雷射掃描與虛擬實境模擬於救援風險之空間型構量化數據評估模型

Application of Spatial Information Parameters, 3D laser scanning and VR Simulation to Space Syntax Quantified Data-Based Assessment Model for Rescue Risks

有時，我們會常聽到消防員因受傷或空間迷失而受困火場的憾事。本文應用空間型構理論並提出了一種基於空間資訊數據之建築救援風險評估模型，其中包括使用者在空間中的視野可見性和動線可及性之空間資訊量化數據。本研究更進一步調查與計算了台灣12間老人日間照護中心的空間資訊救援成本，本研究中所定義之“救援成本”，包括“進入成本”和“撤離成本”。然後，本文更應用雷射3D掃描與VR虛擬實境模擬火場中不同能見度之場景，進而建構並執行沉浸式救援虛擬實境之VR測試。本研究主要發現如下：
(1)“救援成本”包括基於空間資訊數據所計算的“進入成本”和“疏散成本”。
(2)當視野能見度大於2m之火場較容易疏散。
(3)“疏散成本”高於“進入成本”，因而消防員難以脫身。
(4)相較於“進入救援”，VR受試者“撤離”的時間更長。VR測試結初步果證實了我們的量化評估模型和假設。

Stories of firefighters stranded in a fire due to injury or spatial disorientation are sometimes heard. We propose a model for spatial information data-based assessment of rescue risks inside buildings applying space syntax theory comprising a user’s visibility and circulation accessibility within a space. We further investigate the rescue costs of spatial information of 12 geriatric psychiatric day care centers in Taiwan, required by rescues in different cases or single space, which is defined in this study as“rescue cost”and comprises“entry cost”and“evacuation cost”. Then we apply laser 3D scan and virtual reality simulation of fire scenarios with different visibilities, whereby to create immersive virtual reality of rescue to test in. The key findings of this study are as follows:
(1)“Rescue cost”includes“entry cost”and“evacuation cost”computed on spatial data.
(2) It is easier to evacuate in a fire scene if the visibility is greater than 2m.
(3)“Evacuation cost”is higher than the“entry cost”, so that it’s hard to get out.
(4) Compared with ''entering rescue'', VR subjects spent more time ''evacuating''. The VR test results confirmed our quantitative model and hypothesis.