性侵害犯罪中PTSD鑑定報告的風險與功能

The Risk and Function of PTSD Evidence in Sexual Assault

我國實務在判斷沒有直接證據的性侵害案件時，通常會透過被害人的自述作為論罪基礎，並以證人的供述、驗傷診斷書、測謊報告或創傷後壓力症（Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD）鑑定報告作為補強證據，認定被告是否成立犯罪。然而，實務常基於尊重專業的立場，較少細究鑑定人係如何判斷被害人是否罹患PTSD及其所代表之意義，導致實務在處理PTSD鑑定報告時，針對其代表的意義在適用上產生歧異。本文擬從精神醫學的角度出發，嘗試探究PTSD鑑定報告的本質，繼而建構PTSD鑑定報告作為性侵害案件中證據之風險與功能。本文認為PTSD鑑定報告具有特別保護導正及衡平被害人地位和補強證據功能。

Without direct evidence, the primary evidence used in Taiwanese the trial of sexual assault cases is victims’accounts, corroborated with testimony, forensic examinations, polygraphs, and appraisal reports of PTSD. However, the judge doesn’t study the meaning of PTSD and its functions. As a result of it, the judge has different opinions. This article explores the nature of appraisal reports of PTSD through psychiatry and constructs risks and functions of appraisal reports of PTSD as evidence in the trial of sexual assault cases: crime victim protection, correction and balance of victim status, and corroborating evidence.