犯罪所得之第三人沒收程序

Third Persons Confiscation Procedure Concerning Illegal Proceeds

為因應我國刑法上之沒收新制，我國《刑事訴訟法》於民國105年6月22日修正公布，新增第七編之二之「沒收特別程序」，並自民國105年7月1日施行。國家在符合實體刑法沒收第三人犯罪所得要件時，欲發動侵害人民財產權之沒收的法律效果，本於人民基本權干預之審查體系，就應賦予財產可能受沒收的第三人聽審權、救濟權等基本權之訴訟程序保障機制，而第三人沒收程序就是基此所誕生的產物。
但，一套新制度的引進幾無可能一開始就盡善盡美，勢必隨著時間，不斷浮現許多問題。這些問題的解決仍有賴於作為我國立法形塑所主要參考的德國法。不過，由於我國當初立法所參考的已是德國2017年7月1日以前的舊法（§§430-442 StPO a. F.），故德國新法（§§421-439 StPO）對我國――以德國舊法為宗――的第三人沒收程序有何啟示意義，便應予重視並從中省思我國立法與學術說理有無重新校準必要、全面檢視使益臻完善。盼提供這樣的比較法啟發，使我國實務或學界在面對解釋或運作第三人沒收程序制度的問題時，能走在正確的道路上。

In response to the new confiscation system in our nation's criminal law, our nation’s“Criminal Procedure Law”was amended and promulgated on June 22, 2016, adding a new PART VII-II‘‘Special Confiscation Procedure’’, which has been implemented since July 1, 2016. When the state meets the requirements of the substantive criminal law for the confiscation of the proceeds of a third person’s crime, if it wants to launch the legal effect of confiscation that infringes on the property rights of the people, a review system that is based on the people’s basic rights intervention should grant the third party the right to hearing and relief for the property that may be confiscated. Rights and other basic rights, and the third-party confiscation process is the product of this.
However, the introduction of a new system is unlikely to be perfect from the beginning, and many problems will continually emerge over time. The resolution of these problems still depends on the law of Germany as the main reference of our nation's legislation. However, since our nation’s original legislation referred to the old law of Germany before July 1, 2017 (§§430- 442 StPO a. F.), the significance of the the new German law (§§421- 439 StPO) to the third persons confiscation procedure in our nation, which is based on the old German law, should be taken seriously and, whether our nation’s legislation and academic reasoning are necessary for recalibration, and a comprehensive review will make it perfect. It is hoped that such comparative law inspiration will be provided so that our nation's practice or academia can be on the right track when faced with the problem of interpreting or operating the third persons confiscation procedure system.