運動習慣對大學生問題行為影響之研究

A Study on the Effects of Exercise Habits on Problem Behavior among College Students

本研究的重點即在於研究運動科學是否可以發揮即時的影響力，以預防問題行為的角度探討大學生的運動習慣與問題行為的態樣。透過深度訪談4名大學教師與2名大學生，並針對1,183名大學生問卷調查量化分析方法，探討運動習慣對社會鍵、學業適應不良及問題行為間的相關情形以及解釋力。
研究發現分為兩部分：訪談資料顯示，透過運動的過程，生理效益使得個人感到自信、快樂感、減輕焦慮，減少偏差物質的需求；運動在生理、心理與社會連結的效益有助於減少問題行為且有助於學習，但訪談也呈現大學生普遍不具有運動習慣，且大學體育課有減少的趨勢。統計分析結果則顯示，大學生個人愈是低自我控制傾向與學業適應不良，則問題行為程度愈高，但是運動習慣與社會鍵的程度增加可以減少問題行為；而運動習慣、社會鍵對於學業適應不良之間具有顯著負相關、顯示良好的運動習慣與社會鍵可以減少學業適應不良並進而減少問題行為。經結構方程模式分析顯示，透過運動習慣可以增強社會鍵進而降低學業適應不良及問題行為，顯示具有運動習慣的個人，對其在社會鍵具有正向的效果，而能減少問題行為。本文根據研究結果提出教育及其他相關單位不應忽視運動對學生的影響力，可以提倡運動作為預防問題行為的新觀念，運動是強化社會鍵的具體方案。

This research hopes to link exercise physiology and Hirschi’s social control theory to examine the relationship between exercise habits and problem behaviors from an interdisciplinary perspective. Through in-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys, it explores the relationship and explanatory power of exercise habits to social bonds, academic maladaptation, and problem behaviors, the proposes prevention strategies to cultivate exercise habits to enhance social bonds, reduce problem behaviors and future education policies suggestion.
The findings were divided into two parts. First, the interview data shows that through the process of exercise, exercise has physical benefits. Exercise make individuals feel confident, happiness, reducing anxiety, reducing the need for Addictive Substances, and face frustration easily. It will also enable individuals to help integrate into the group, interaction with others. The benefits of physical, psychological and social connection of exercise can help reduce problem behaviors and can help learning. However, the interview results also show that college students generally do not have Exercise habits, and physical lesson is reduced. The second part of the statistical analysis shows that the lower self-control and more academic maladjustment will increasing problem behaviors, but exercise habits and better social bonds can reduce problem behaviors; while exercise habits and social bonds have a significant negative correlation with academic maladjustment. It means that college students with exercise habits and better social bondings can reduce academic maladaptation and thereby reduce problem behaviors as well. The structural equation model analysis shows that through exercise habits, social bonds can be affected to reduce academic maladjustment and problem behaviors. Based on the research results, this article argues Ministry of Education and other related units not to ignore the impact of sports on students, and should promote exercise habits as a new concept of preventing problem behaviors. Exercise habits are a specific plan to strengthen social bonds and help academical learning. Therefore, this research proposed reforms for strategy and practical for developing good exercise habits in students.