從詞頻分析角度初探現行原住民族語教材──以太魯閣語為例

A Preliminary Exploration of Current Indigenous Language Teaching Material from the Perspective of Frequency Analysis:The Truku Language Example

本文從詞頻分析角度針對現行太魯閣族語教材進行初探，並聚焦在教育部和原住民族委員會共同編輯的「九階教材」以及「四套族語教材」等書面語教材，總計約有16,289個詞彙數、2,120個詞型數。
本研究採用語料庫分析法、統計分析法以及文本分析法，針對太魯閣族現行族語教材進行統計與分析，並提出三個主要的研究問題，第一是九階教材與四套族語教材中詞彙的數量、類型及其分佈情況為何？第二是九階教材與四套族語教材中詞彙使用頻率、詞彙難易度為何，是否有符合循序漸進之原則？第三是九階教材、四套族語教材與族語學習詞表詞彙是否有符合分級對應？
結果有以下幾點發現，第一，按照原本的教材適用對象與難易度區分來看，每一課的平均詞彙數以及平均每句詞彙數的統計比較，基本上呈現由少至多，符合由簡入繁、由易入難的基本原則；第二，在各教材的高頻詞中，出現在前100個詞彙有部分是共通的，屬於各類主題或生活中常用的詞彙，如sapah「家；房子」、rudan「耆老；祖先」、musa「去」等，此外，多數教材呈現前三個高頻詞皆為具語法功能的詞彙，如ka「主格標記」、o「主題標記」及ni「對等連接詞」，然而，有些高頻詞則是因為不同教材本身特性而有異，如生活會話篇以對話為主就出現了大量的人名，其他教材則未見；第三，在九階教材與四套族語教材中，學習詞表初級詞彙的佔有比例是最高的，其次則是中級詞彙，顯示初級詞彙和中級詞彙原則上還是主要常用的詞彙（約64%-71%）。

From the perspective of frequency analysis, this article attempts to explore the current Truku language teaching material preliminarily with a focus on the 9-level teaching materials and four sets of indigenous language teaching materials jointly edited by the Ministry of Education and the Council of Indigenous Peoples, comprising a total vocabulary of 16,270 terms.
Adopting corpus analysis, statistical analysis, and text analysis, the study proceeds with statistical analysis of the current Truku language teaching materials with two main research questions in mind: 1. What are the number, types, and distribution of vocabulary in the 9-level teaching materials and four sets of indigenous language teaching materials? 2. What are the frequency and difficulty of the vocabulary used in these materials, and do they follow the principle of incremental progression?
The findings are as follows: 1. According to the original subject applicable and the difficulty of the teaching materials, the statistics of the average number of vocabulary in each lesson and each sentence show that they progress from less to more, which follows the fundamental principles of simple to complicated and easy to difficult progression; 2. The top 20 terms are shared by the high-frequency vocabulary in different teaching materials, with specific high-frequency terms in the differently oriented teaching materials; 3. There are 845 word types in the 9-level teaching materials, among which, content words make up 95.2%, which shows that the teaching material studied is still mainly focused on learning vocabulary with concrete concepts.