年金改革、自利傾向及自我犧牲關聯之實證研究

An Empirical Study on the Relationships among Pension Reform, Self-Interest Propensity, and Self-Sacrifice

2018年的公務人員年金改革，可算是近年來國內爭議較大的制度變革。在推動年金改革的過程中，雖然經常可見民調顯示多數民眾支持年金改革，但似乎未見有人真正調查過現職公務人員，也因此對於這群「最直接的政策利害關係人」的了解相當有限。究竟我國的現職公務人員是如何看待本次年金改革的？他們有多支持、或有多反對年金改革？更重要的是，年金改革降低公務人員在退休時的保障，這是否會讓公務人員在工作時更想「為自己著想」？是否會如同公平理論所說，降低對工作的投入與對公共服務的熱忱？本研究針對台灣政經傳播研究中心2019年台灣文官調查的資料進行分析後發現，多數公務人員對於年金改革的溝通規劃、執行過程、與結果皆持較為負面的觀點，而這些看法也易轉換成「為自己著想」的傾向，降低自我犧牲的意願。

In Taiwan, the 2018 civil service pension reform was one of the most controversial public policies in recent years. During the policymaking process of the pension reform, despite the majority of the polls indicating universal support for the reform, little academic research has been conducted to understand how public employees think about the reform. How much did they support or object to the reform? More importantly, given the reduction of retirement protection, did the reform make public employees care more about themselves rather than public interests? Would they, according to the equity theory, reduce their efforts in serving the public? This study surveyed public employees in 2019 and found that most public employees indicated negative views on the communication, execution, and impacts of the pension reform. And such negative views increased the belief that “we need to think more for ourselves” and decreased the willingness to self-sacrifice.