疫災下雙北地方治理之個案比較研究：韌性社區與警政運用

A Comparative Study of Local Governance between New Taipei City and Taipei City under the Covid-19 Pandemic: Resilient Communities and Policing

臺灣在2021年5月面臨新冠肺炎疫情爆發，實施史上第一次全國三級警戒，為個案研究提供絕佳契機。本文以三級警戒期間疫情最嚴重的新北市與臺北市為個案研究對象，採深度訪談並佐以官方資料、新聞等，透過文獻檢閱發展七項指標，並以此為基礎，比較二市在三級警戒期間各自發展出的治理策略。研究發現，新北市以民政為治理網絡的核心，發展出組織靈活且具彈性的「專案模式」；而臺北市則維持以衛政作為治理網絡的核心，形成強調專業、法治與建立制度，具在地化特色的「專業模式」。二市雖採不同的防疫治理模式，但均能有效運用科技防疫，透過公私暨社區協力展現平時累積的社區韌性。
此外，二市在防疫過程中亦可見警察在協助執行非醫療干預控制措施與韌性社區上扮演關鍵角色，突顯疫災下超越衛生醫療專業的重要性，但政府仍應思考如何強化各部門資源與專業能力，避免過度依賴警察，始能真正落實福利國所應具備之條件。同時作者也期待未來能有更多公共行政學者加入警政領域的研究與對話。最後，本研究再次印證治理不單僅靠政府力量，社區的共同參與極為關鍵。強化社區、私部門、民間團體等對於公共利益及社會責任的共識，持續發展「韌性社區」，乃政府應重視與努力方向。

Taiwan implemented an unprecedented national level-three alert to cope a Covid-19 outbreak in May 2021, and this incident provided a unique opportunity for a case study. This manuscript compares strategies adopted by the governments of New Taipei City and Taipei City, where the outbreak was the most severe during the level-three alert period in Taiwan. We collect and analyze in-depth interviews, official information and documents, and news. Based on seven indicators derived from the reviewed literature, we compare governing strategies between these two adjacent cities during the outbreak. This study found that New Taipei City takes civil affairs system as the core of its governance network and has developed a flexible “project model”. On the other hand, Taipei City’s strategy is characterized with “professional model” that utilizes public health system and emphasizes the rule of law and the functions of existing agencies. Despite two models are different, both cities effectively use technology in pandemic prevention and leverage existing public-private collaborations to carry out resilient communities.
In addition, in both cities, the police play an essential role in non-medical interventions and resilient community, highlighting the importance of non-medical professions in pandemic prevention. Nevertheless, the government should continue strengthening the resources and professional capabilities of public entities and avoid overly relying on the police, so as to truly equip the nation like a welfare state should be. At the same time, the authors would be delighted to see more public administration scholars devoting efforts in policing research and dialogue. Last but not the least, the present study once again confirms the crucial importance of collaborations between governmental forces and the community participation. Engaging the community, the private sector, and civilian groups in public arena and social responsibilities remains an important direction that the government should emphasize and devote efforts to in the future.