農用地徵收補償標準制定主體正當性探析——以《土地管理法》第48條第3款為視角

On the Justification for Compensation Standard Formulation Body in Case of Farmland Expropriation: From the Perspective of Article 48(3) of Land Admistrative Law

《土地管理法》第48 條將統一區片綜合地價的標準制定主體規定為省、自治區和直轄市，但並未明確該標準的制定主體是立法機關還是行政機關。實踐中，“ 區片綜合地價”的制定均由省級人民政府（主管部門）完成。在改造路徑上，應該將農用地徵收補償標準制定主體進一步明確為省級人大及其常委會，並對程式加以規範。從短期來看，應完善相關行政聽證程式，提高公民在決策中的參與度，特別需要為公民在立法程式中提供參與管道。從長遠來看，土地徵收事務屬於中央事權而非地方事權，不應屬於相對的法律保留範疇。由省級人大制定該標準僅是全國人大未進行立法之前的權宜之策，待各省、自治區、直轄市的標準相對統一以後，再上升為國家立法。為了增強農用地徵收補償的權威性和科學性，宜進行《土地徵收法》立法。

Article 48 of the Land Administration Law stipulates that the main body for formulating the comprehensive land price standard for a unified area shall be the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. However, it is not clear whether the main body of the standard formulation is the legislative department or the government agency. In practice, the formulation of the “composite land parcel prices” is completed by the provincial people’ s government (competent authority). On the path of transformation, the main body of farmland compensation standards should be further defined as provincial people’ s congresses and their standing committees, and the procedure should be regulated. In the short term, relevant administrative hearing procedures should be improved to increase the participation of citizens in decision-making, especially the need to provide channels for citizens to participate in the legislative process. In the long run, land expropriation matters should belong to the central government rather than local governments and should not fall under the category of relative legal reservation. This standard is formulated by the provincial people’s congresses are only expedient measures before the NPC enacts legislation. After the standards of various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are relatively unified, they will be raised to national legislation. In order to enhance the authority and scientific nature of compensation for expropriation of farmland, the “Land Expropriation Law” should be legislated.