我國地方毗鄰區域的聯合執法

Joint Enforcement of Local Contiguous Areas in China

聯合執法早就存在。在執法權下沉和實行一級執法體制後，級別管轄不再發揮作用，跨行政區聯合執法尤其是毗鄰區域聯合執法的需求更加强烈。毗鄰區域聯合執法的法治基礎幷不是區域合作的一般法律制度，而是“地方組織法” 上的跨行政區協同工作機制條款和《行政處罰法》及單行法上的職務協助條款。當前，毗鄰區域聯合執法的組織形式有聯席會議制度、職員派遣和聯合執法隊，具有重要意義的程序機制有管轄權制度、聯合調查及證據互認制度、以結果互認爲基礎的協助執行制度。從司法上觀察，當前的聯合執法還需要進一步規範，尤其不能以聯合執法組織的名義直接對相對人作出處罰决定。司法機關應當對毗鄰區域的聯合執法擔負起監督職責。

Joint enforcement has long been existed. After law enforcement power transferred to lower levels and one-level enforcement system established, the grade jurisdiction mechanism stops playing its role, while the needs of joint enforcement by inter-districts, especially those contiguous districts are getting stronger. The legal basis for joint enforcement of contiguous districts does not originate from general legal systems of regional cooperation, but from the inter-districts coordinated working mechanism clause in Organic Law of Local People’ s Governments, and from the duty assistance clause in Administrative Penalty Law and other statutes. Right now, joint conference mechanism, staff dispatch and joint enforcement units are the main organizational forms of joint enforcement of contiguous districts. With respect to the important procedural mechanisms, there are jurisdiction system, joint investigation and mutual recognition of evidence, and assistance in enforcement based on mutual recognition of results. From the judicial perspective, the current joint enforcement system needs to be further standardized, especially not appropriate for joint enforcement organizations to make administrative penalties directly to opposite parties. Judiciary shall take the supervision responsibility to joint enforcement of contiguous districts.