隱私政策的多維解讀:告知同意性質的反思與制度重構

Multidimensional Interpretation of Privacy Policy: Reflection on the Nature of Notice and Consent Framework and Institutional Reconstruction

基于隱私政策的告知同意是個人信息保護的核心制度，但對其性質應當進行反思，對其制度應進行重構。告知同意在不同國家和地區具有合同、聲明、基本權利合規等多重特徵，在我國也應被視爲多維制度工具。僅從意思自治角度看，告知同意面臨信息過載、决策過頻等難題，即使進行制度改進，也無法實現個體的充分知情和明確同意。但隱私政策的閱讀對象不僅是即時交互場景下的個人，也包括企業內部人員、市場評級者、執法司法者和非交互場景下的個體。隱私政策可能充當信息處理者的合規章程、市場聲譽信息機制的媒介、司法訴訟與行政執法的依據、贏取個體信任與進行隱私教育的工具。應解綁告知與同意，適度放鬆同意要求，但應强化對隱私政策的告知要求。隱私政策對外可以采取不同提醒方式與分層架構，對內應成爲內嵌到不同部門與産品的合規指引，在形式上采取基于風險的模塊化披露。

Notice and consent framework based on privacy policy is the core system of personal information protection, but its nature and effectiveness should be reconsidered. Notice and consent framework has multiple characteristics in different countries and regions, such as contracts, statements, and compliance with fundamental rights. In China, it should also be regarded as a multi-dimensional institutional tool. From the perspective of individual autonomy, notice and consent framework faces problems such as information overload and too much decision-making. Even if the system is improved, it can not achieve individual full informed consent. However, the reader of privacy policy not only includes individuals in realtime interaction scenarios, but also internal personnel of enterprises, market raters, law enforcement and judicial personnel and individuals in non interaction scenarios. Privacy policy may serve as the compliance charter of information processors, the information media of market reputation mechanism, the implementation basis of judicial proceedings and administrative law enforcement, the tool to win individual trust and privacy education. We should decouple notice from consent, relax the consent requirements moderately, but strengthen the notification requirements of privacy policy. The privacy policy can adopt different reminder methods and hierarchical structures externally, become the compliance guidance embedded in different departments and products, and adopt risk-based modular disclosure in form.