社會化媒介、在學經驗與台灣大學生的政治功效意識和政治參與

Socialization Agents, College Experience, Political Efficacy and Political Participation among College Students in Taiwan

本文以政治社會化的途徑，來探討影響我國大學生政治功效意識及其政治參與的因素。我們發現，在不同的社會化媒介中，同儕團體對於內在功效意識的影響最大；在外在功效意識方面，則是以家庭的角色最為明確；此外，在學經驗在大學生政治社會化的過程中也扮演重要的角色，學生修習政治相關課程的多寡與其內在功效意識，以及正規的政治參與之間有著顯著關聯性，而社團活動的參與也對其政治參與有著重要影響。另一方面，本文也提出「學校功效意識」的概念，實證研究結果顯示大學生在主觀上對於學校事務的認知以及學校體系對於大學生要求的回應性，將對於學生的政治功效意識的提升，有著決定性的影響，同時也對其政治參與具有重要的解釋力。因而，筆者主張提升大學生在學時期對學校各種事務的涉入與參與，其對於培養民主社會的積極參與公民，應該有正面的助益。

In this study, we explore how socialization agents and college education experience affect college students’political efficacy and political participation. We demonstrate that peer groups played the most important role on affecting students’internal political efficacy, but family is the most crucial factor to affect students’external political efficacy. In addition, college experiences also have impacts on the processes of students’political learning. There are positive relationships between how many politics-related classes taken by students and their levels political efficacy and political participation. Extra-curricular activities also affect students’political participation. In this study, we recommend that the concept of school efficacy, i. e. students’subjective perception on whether college administration is responsive to students, provides some explanations on students’political efficacy and political participation. Therefore, we propose that college education shall provide not only formal education but also more channels and chances for students to participate in school affairs, and students with higher level of school efficacy will more likely to become politically engaging citizens.