當代歐美戰爭社會學研究

Sociology of War: an Overview

本文回顧當代歐美戰爭社會學主要文獻，整理出主要的議題與研究成果。首先簡述戰爭在社會學研究中的地位。隨後將研究區分為戰爭的原因與後果兩大類分別介紹。戰爭原因的分析再區分為國際體系層級與國家層級。國際體系層級討論了世界經濟體系理論與長期循環理論。國家層級討論了政體形式、資源多寡、階級力量如何影響戰爭的發動。戰爭的影響後果則包括戰爭如何促成近代歐洲國家的形成、戰爭是否導致暴動抗爭的發生、戰爭的勝敗導致霸權的興衰、戰爭的失敗導致國家的崩潰。結論整理出現階段戰爭社會學研究的幾項特色。

An overview of current research in sociology of war is presented in this article. Beginning with an issue of how war is treated as a sociological topic in the mainstream sociology, this article then distinguishes literature into two parts: the causes of wars and the consequences of wars. The causes of war, on the interstate system level, focus on two theories: world-system theory and long cycle theory. On the internal factors of causing war, issues include the type of political regimes, resource availability, class structure. The research on consequences of wars includes the formation of modern European nation-states, the relationships between war and revolts, and how the failure of war leads to the decline of hegemony and the collapse of regime by revolution. Several features of sociological studies on war are summarized in the conclusion.