華人親子觀與現代孝行關係：雙元孝道信念中介效果檢驗

The Relationship between Views on the Chinese Parent-Child Relation and Modern Filial Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Dual Filial Piety Belief

親子關係是人們重要的人際關係，而孝道是華人社會重要的文化與家庭價值。孝道雙元模型主張孝道特徵可區分為相互性與權威性兩種孝道信念，並經由系列實徵結果，顯示兩種孝道信念具有不同的心理運作機制及作用效果。然而，華人親子關係信念的相關研究仍停留在萌芽階段，有觀點指出深受儒家文化影響的華人社會對於親子關係信念，可區分為主張父母給予子女生命的起源親子觀及強調親子不可分割的一體親子觀。為探討上述兩種親子觀與個體孝行間的關聯性，本研究根據上述理論假設兩種親子觀對現代關懷型及順從型兩種孝行的影響效果，並以雙元孝道信念作為中介變項。經取樣220 份有效問卷資料，先經驗證性因素分析檢驗使用量表之信、效度，再以結構方程模式採用拔靴法檢驗提出的中介效果模型。結果發現：(1) 起源親子觀對關懷型孝行具有顯著的正向影響效果； 一體親子觀對關懷型孝行及順從型孝行皆具有顯著的正向影響效果；(2) 相互性孝道信念在起源親子觀對關懷型孝行的影響關係中，以及在一體親子觀對關懷型孝行的影響關係中扮演中介者角色；而權威性孝道信念則在一體親子觀對順從型孝行的影響關係中扮演中介者角色。最後，根據研究結果提出未來研究方向建議。

The parent-child relationship is the first and most important interpersonal relationship that one develops, and filial piety is an important cultural value in Chinese society. The Dual Filial Piety Model (DFPM) is a proposed indigenous psychological model of Chinese filial piety, wherein the characteristics of Chinese filial piety consist of two aspects, reciprocity and authoritarianism. The DFPM has been examined in a series of empirical studies to test its arguments. However, related research on beliefs about the Chinese parent-child relation and their connection to filial piety beliefs and behaviors is still in its early stages. Chinese society is deeply influenced by Confucianism, and this has shaped beliefs about the parent-child relation. There are two types of Confucian beliefs regarding the parent-child relation, the life origin belief (LOB) and the parent-child as a united entity belief (PUB). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Confucian beliefs regarding the parent-child relation and filial behaviors, and the potential mediating role of dual filial piety beliefs among them. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 220 participants, 94 male and 126 female college students. The mean age of the participants was 21.01 (SD = 1.09). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the measures, and hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling analyses. The mediating effect of dual filial piety beliefs was also tested with the bootstrap method. The results showed that: 1. LOB is positively related to caring filial behaviors, while PUB is positively related to caring filial behaviors and compliance filial behaviors simultaneously. 2. Reciprocal filial piety belief could be a mediator of the relationships between LOB and caring filial behaviors, and between PUB and caring filial behaviors. 3. Authoritarian filial piety belief could be a mediator of the relationship between BPU and compliance filial behaviors. In accordance with the results of the research, the discussion makes some suggestions for the future for constructing a parent-child theory with Chinese cultural characteristics.