台灣大學社會責任研究現況與發展分析

A Review of the Status and Development of University Social Responsibility in Taiwan

研究目的
本研究就學術研究的角度，探究國內有關大學社會責任的研究現況，並呈現國內大學社會責任各研究主題之間的關聯性，嘗試勾勒出我國大學社會責任的研究輪廓與發展意涵。
研究設計／方法／取徑
本研究同時採用質性與量化的研究取徑，首先針對國內現有關於大學社會責任的學術文獻，以共詞分析選樣75篇學術文獻，並針對每篇文獻之關鍵字運用分析階層的架構，共萃取出14個主題類項，再以社會網絡分析技術進行關聯分析，進而建構國內大學社會責任研究領域的圖像、脈絡及互動關係。
研究發現或結論
研究結果發現，當前大學社會責任的研究仍是以「大學培育機構端如何參與」為研究的主軸，與其他議題的結合度也最高，代表在政策推展前期，大學培育機構正在找尋如何合作的機制，教學工作的結合、互動歷程的策略，協助服務場域發展永續的資源，成為國內大學社會責任發展的面貌。但在人才培育、大學學術機構端與社區的互動等研究主題較被忽略，反映出國內有關於大學社會責任的研究仍聚焦在作法，從小區域的需求調查，尚未凝結成跨區域性的共識議題，一方面是研究累積程度尚未足夠，另一方面，受到當前國家政策的推展作法影響所致，也為了平衡國內不同區域之間的發展平衡。
研究原創性／價值
目前國內關於大學社會責任的學術文獻，仍以概念倡議及計畫執行報告的內容為主，有關實證性或建構性的研究結果相對匱乏。而本研究同時採取質量混合的研究取徑，系統性地建構大學社會責任知識領域的發展樣貌，並透過分析技術解釋現象意義，是有助於領域知識後續發展的參考，也是少數以學術文獻作為分析單位的研究。
教育政策建議或實務意涵
從本研究對於大學社會責任知識領域所勾勒的發展樣貌，發現若「大學培育機構端」為出發的研究議題偏多，主要「研究」的書寫主體是大學端的教職員或者中心人員，可能侷限研究路徑選擇的方向與觀點，進而影響整體研究社群在發展過程的豐富性。如何透過計畫相關經費的補助，讓「服務場域端」也能納入計畫的主體成為可以思考的問題，未來當局的補助可以從目前放置焦點「大學培育機構端做了些什麼？執行哪些計畫？」，轉變為「大學培育機構端可以跟社會或社區做些什麼？一起執行哪些計畫？」，將更能符合大學社會責任的精神，如此一來，雙方是實際關注大學對其所處外部生態的責任意義，進而達到永續發展的目標。

Purpose
This study explored the current research related to university social responsibility in Taiwan and presented connections between local universities’social responsibility and various research topics. We outlined research profiles and development implications for Taiwanese universities’social responsibility.
Design/methodology/approach
This study employed qualitative and quantitative research approaches. First, a co-word analysis was run on 75 academic publications on university social responsibility. Then, a hierarchical-cluster analysis was run on the keywords of each publication. In total, 14 subject categories were extracted. A social network analysis technique was then applied to determine associations. These associations were used to construct a graph on the context and interaction relationships between social responsibility research studies in Taiwanese universities.
Findings/results
The research findings indicated that the research on university social responsibility at present is centered on“how universities as educational institutions are participating.”The findings also showed that Taiwan’s universities have the highest integration rate with other issues, indicating that Taiwan is still in the early phases of policy implementation and that universities as educational institutions are still searching for mechanisms for cooperation. This includes integrating teaching work and interactive processes and assisting in the sustainable development of their fields of service to enhance domestic university social responsibility in Taiwan.
On the other hand, research topics, such as talent education and the interaction between universities and communities, have been relatively neglected. This reflects the phenomenon that the research on university social responsibility in Taiwan is still focused on methodology and inquiry into the needs of localized areas; it has yet to condense into consensus issues that cross regions. This is due to the lack of research and the difficulty with promoting and implementing national policy, as there needs to be a balance between the developments of different regions within the country.
Originality/value
The majority of the existing academic literature on university social responsibility in Taiwan has concentrated on conceptual initiatives and project execution reports, while empirical and constructive research outcomes are relatively scarce. This study employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to construct a development framework on the knowledge of university social responsibility systematically. Analytical skills were employed to explain the phenomenological significance, providing an important reference point for advancements in domain knowledge. This study is one of few in this field to utilize academic literature as the analytical unit.
Implications for policy/practice
This study outlined the developmental progress of the research on university social responsibility and found that research on“how universities as educational institutions can participate”tends to be authored by the faculty or staff of the university conducting the research. This may limit the direction and scope of research approaches, thereby potentially affecting the richness of the overall research community’s development process. The government should consider incorporating the“service field side”as the subject of research to encourage speculation through the planning of related subsidies; subsidies may shift research focuses from“What have universities done, and what plans did they execute?”to“What can universities do together with the society and the community, and what collaborative plans can be executed?”This shift will better align with the spirit of university social responsibility. By achieving this, both sides can be attuned to the external environment in which the university is situated and be attuned to the university’s responsibility for sustainable development.