製作「南丁格爾」：臺灣護理書寫的自我呈現與世代衍異

Production of ''Florence Nightingale''-Self-presentation and generational differences in nursing writing in Taiwan

「護理」在臺灣的歷史脈絡被製作成「女性的工作」，並被刻板印象定型。本文借鏡高夫曼的戲劇理論，以護理書寫為底本，包括戰後嬰兒潮世代的趙可式、林月鳳、胡月娟，和1980年前後出生的李彥範、林怡芳的作品，探查護理人員如何面對與回應「護理」，並加入世代的線索，爬梳觀點的衍異。本文發現，護理前輩著力寫護理的理想化臺前，賦予護理「母親」的形象，令護理具有「愛的勞動」的象徵意涵；也以家庭的兩性關係比附醫（父親）／護（母親）的分工，提出雙方僅是工作內容的差別，故護理地位無提升之必要。卻也因過度凸顯「母親」的形象，導致護理多被詮釋成有利他的動機，能接受不相稱的低薪，忽略勞動條件惡劣的問題。至於新世代的書寫，則揭露護理在臺後的各種困境，對比過去僅強調助人的面向，此際將之安置在和一般薪資勞動的相同位置；然而也指出護理的特質，即在它的美德展演，也就是情緒勞動，李彥範認為這是護理和醫師最大的分野，所以他翻轉向來以陽剛作為衡量「專業」的標準，重新詮釋出以護理為中心的獨特與價值。

'Nursing'' has been regarded as ''women's work'' in the historical context in Taiwan, thus being limited by many stereotypes. Based on Goffman's theory of dramaturgy, this study probed into the writings about nursing personnel, including the works of nursing seniors, Co-Shi Chantal Chao, Yueh-Feng Lin, and Yueh-Chuan Hu, as well as those of the new generation, Yen-Fan Lee and Yi-Fang Lin, to explore how they face and respond to nursing. Moreover, this study also included generational clues to investigate the differences in perspectives. It was found that nursing seniors focused on writing the various virtues of nursing in front of the screen, endowing nursing with the image of mother and making nursing reflect the symbolic meaning of ''labor of love.'' Moreover, nursing seniors compared the division of labor between the two sexes in the family with the medical (father)/nursing (mother), pointed out that the difference between the two parties is only the difference in the content of work, and believed that there is no need to improve the status of nursing. However, due to the excessive emphasis on the image of a mother, the public may easily be misled into the belief that nursing work is motivated by altruism and nursing personnel can accept disproportionately low wages. Besides, the issue of poor labor conditions may also be ignored. The nursing writing by the new generation focuses on exposing the various difficulties of nursing behind the scenes. In contrast to the past nursing writing that only emphasized the aspect of helping others in nursing, the new generation attached importance to general wages of labor in their nursing writing. However, the quality of nursing is also the fulfillment of virtue, namely, emotional labor. Yen-Fan Lee believes that this is the most significant difference between nursing personnel and physicians. Therefore, he changed the use of masculinity that has always been used to measure ''professionalism'' and reinterpreted the nursing-centered uniqueness and value.