從〈結壇散食迴向發願文〉談起

A Discussion From“The Jietan Sanshi Huixiang Fayuan Wen”

本篇藉由國家圖書館典藏之敦煌卷子第08953 號（新編臺134 號A）〈結壇散食迴向發願文〉一卷的整理回顧談起，說明文獻的公布對於學術研究上的貢獻。然後對其形式與內容加以探討，一方面分析本篇凡有結壇、散食、迴向及發願等幾個段落，也說明在法會儀式中的意義；另一方面也蒐羅敦煌寫卷相關涉的文獻，考辨這些卷子的類別及在佛教史上蛛絲馬跡的些微轉變。再者，由於這類法會從官方到民間密集的舉行，致使一些高僧大德每常編輯這類可以隨時應用的文式範本，供給釋道宗門等教內的人寫錄或學習；並且在執行各種齋懺法會時，就可立刻從自己的工具箱裡拿出合適當下人、地、時、事、物的套格文式，在臨將舉行的大會上宣讀套用。也因如此，處在密集舉行法會的隋唐時代，僧道們除了盡力完成一己的職責與增強庶民百姓的堅實信仰外，更可從中得到豐厚的齋襯酬報。這等結果，對於民間教育或寺廟經濟，無疑都產生了相當深遠的影響，以至於今日仍然常見於臺灣或東亞社會的各個角落。

This article reviews “The Jietan sanshi huixiang fayuan wen”（The Written Vow of Binding the Altar, Distributing Food, Transferring Merit, and Giving Rise to Prayers）, collected by the National Central Library. The special collection number is no.08953 （newly edited as Tai 134A）. It states that the publishing of the literature facilitates academic study. The article also explores its form and content, analyzes the paragraphs about binding the altar, distributing food, transferring merit, and giving rise to prayers, and specifies its meaning in the Dharma assemblies. On the other hand, the article collects related literature about the Dunhuang manuscripts and aims to research the categories of these scrolls and their transitions in Buddhist history. Due to the fact that the official and social Dharma assemblies were held intensively, many eminent monks often edited the article template, which could be applied on demand and could be copied or studied by the people of Buddhism and Taoism. Besides, they can use the sufficient template immediately from their toolbox for the Dharma assemblies. In the Sui and Tang dynasties, when the assemblies were held intensively, monks made efforts and took their responsibility to strengthen people's beliefs, and they received feast gifts and rewards. These result in very profound influence on civil education or religious economy, even in Taiwan or Eastern Asia nowadays.