從礦業到休閒產業：馬武督咖啡之地方創生發展觀點

From mining to leisure industry: The regional revitalization development of Guanxi Mawudu coffee

本研究以新竹縣關西鎮馬武督咖啡為例，研究社區產業與地方創生發展之研究。馬武督原是泰雅族部落，日治時期發展成為原民及客家混居集村，由於玉山石礦、亞洲水泥和台灣水泥，競相進入當地赤柯山開採石灰岩礦，導致社區沒落，人口外流。本研究透過實地觀察，佐以深度訪談與歷史資料分析、紮根理論等研究方法，研究當地社區如何推動咖啡六級產業化。研究結果發現：一、礦區產業歷經衰竭、抗爭、復甦的陣痛，重塑脫礦後的地方創生之路；二、高緯度、低海拔精品咖啡形塑青年返鄉、活化社區發展的特色。 馬武督有別於臺灣傳統農會系統產銷班模式，當地社區組成生產合作社，讓產銷操之在自己手中，更易形成產業價值鏈。而產業發展的下一步是形成集團化企業，一旦形成地方具特色的企業產業，年輕人就有機會回流，持續朝地方創生目標前進。

This essay takes Mawudu coffee, which is in Guanxi Township Hsinchu County, as an example to analyze the relationship between community industry and regional revitalization. At first, Mawudu was an Atayal tribe. During the Japanese ruling period, it developed into a mixed village of aborigines and Hakka. Yushan Quarry, Asia Cement Corporation, and Taiwan Cement Corporation entered Chike Mountain for mining limestone so that the community declined and local people moved out. Field observation, in-depth interview, analysis of historiography, and grounded theory were adopted to discuss how local community made coffee become six-grade industry. The study finds that mining industry has experienced the pain of exhaustion, resistance and recovery, and reshapes the path of regional revitalization after exiting mining. The fine coffee with high latitude and low altitude represents the characteristics of youth returning home and activating community development. The local community in Mawudu forms producers' cooperative, instead of traditional production and marketing groups in farmers' association, in order to master production and marketing and makes it easier to form an industrial value chain. The next step of industrial development is to form a group enterprise. Once a local characteristic enterprise industry is formed, young people will have the opportunity to return and move towards the goal of regional revitalization.