安置機構離開照顧者的社會支持網絡分析：以某安置機構的追蹤研究為例

An Analysis of Social Support Networks of Care Leavers: A Panel Study of a Residential Child-Caring Agency

臺灣的離開照顧服務過於強調自立訓練，忽略人際連結和社會支持的重要性，令離開照顧者難以取得足夠支持。本文主張發展相互依賴模式，重視社會支持網絡之角色與功能，以強化轉銜適應。鑑此，本研究與東部某安置機構合作，以貫時性追蹤研究就八位國三與高三之院生進行半結構式訪談，了解其社會支持網絡、影響性、及影響網絡互動之因素。結果顯示家庭、類家人、天然導師、同儕、及追蹤團隊是離開照顧者的主要社會支持網絡，其支持力與影響力對穩定性意義重大。親近性、定居地點、非正式化服務、及求助態度是影響網絡互動與關係樣貌的重要因素。本研究最後呼籲推動相互依賴模式服務、調整追蹤服務流程與內容、並注重機構所扮演的類家人角色。

This research argued that leaving care services in Taiwan overemphasized independent mode, and overlooked personal connections and social support of care leavers, an interdependent mode was therefore proposed to reduce transition risks of young care leavers. A panel study was designed to trace the experiences of eight young residents in three years time, which aimed to understand social support network, influences, and factors affecting network establishment before and after leaving-care. The findings suggested that the primary social support networks of care leavers included arange of individuals, such as family members, quasi-family members, natural mentors, peers, and leaving care team. They provided different levels of support and affected young care-leavers to a different degree. Closeness of relationship, place of residence, informal services, and help-seeking attitudes are major facotrs affecting interactions and relationship patterns in social networks. Policy and practice recommendations were made to improve services in the end .