我國社區培力中心運作類型之分析：社區能力建構觀點

An Analysis of the Community Empowerment Centers in Taiwan

社區培力的概念在1990 年後漸成為社區工作的方法之一。衛生福利部亦在2015 年將設置培力（育成）中心列為主軸補助項目。本研究以全國23 個社區培力中心為對象，進行運作類型之分析。採質性設計，整理各培力中心的經營資料，並透過訪談澄清各中心之運作理念及實況以歸納運作類型。研究透過「社區培力目標」、「對社區培力理解」、「改變社區組織策略」、「運作原則」、「實地輔導做法」、「專業技術」與「中心角色」等七個面向進行分析，歸納得出「專業」、「方案」、「支援」與「政治」四種運作類型。其中「專業型」與社區能力建構有較高對應，而「方案型」僅對應部分能力面向。四種類型反應出我國社區政策及專業發展中不同階段的重心。作者省思：培力中心既係參酌西方理念而設置，其任務應專注於提升社區組織能力；並建議進一步探究社工專業人員進行社區培力所採取的模式取向。

Community empowerment has been practiced as a professional skill in community work since the 1990s. In Taiwan, the 23 community empowerment centers funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare were set by 21 local authorities for promoting community capacity. This study aimed to explore the practices of the empowerment centers and to crystallize the types of them from the in-depth interview data and operation information. The collected interviewed data were analyzed from seven dimensions: goals of empowerment, understanding of community empowerment, changes strategies, practical methods, professional skills, operational principles, and the role of the centers. Finally, we found the four types and named them Professional, Plan-implement, Supporting and Networking, and Political. The Professional highly correlated with community empowerment, and the Plan-implement were partially correlated. Additionally, the four types of centers reflected the various focus of community development policies and the different stages of community work. The authors’ reflections are that the community empowerment centers which were set based on the community capacity building theories should focus on community capacity building. In addition, for further research, how to operate the community empowerment, and how professional social workers use the types of community empowerment may be explored.