線上紛爭處理制度（ODR）之研究──以司法型線上紛爭處理為核心

Online Dispute Resolution: Focusing on Judicial Online Dispute Resolution

在數位科技蓬勃發展之下，人民對於科技之使用和紛爭處理型態也隨之改變。此外，面對嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎（COVID）之衝擊，為配合公共衛生之需要，亦必須發展出得以簡速、遠距處理紛爭之方式。本文將針對民事之訴訟外線上紛爭處理制度，作為討論之核心。首先介紹線上紛爭處理制度之定義、分類，並比較線上紛爭處理制度（ODR）發展有成的澳洲維多利亞省法院及加拿大哥倫比亞省民事審判處理庭。本文認為我國具有設置司法型ODR 之必要性，使紛爭可以更簡易、迅速地解決。ODR 之程序設計應以人為本，並得採取多階段之紛爭處理模式，使當事人具有以合意解決紛爭之機會。最後，應賦予當事人程序保障，其對於程序開啟、程序進行及事後救濟，不得因線上化而減損，始能增進當事人利用司法制度之可近性及效率。

With the rapid development of digital technology, the practice of dispute resolution faces the changing circumstances of digital society.Under the impact of COVID pandemic, spurs the need to develop a simple,expeditious and remote dispute resolution. This article focuses on civil online dispute resolution (hereinafter“ODR”).This article shows the meaning and types of ODR and introduces the experiences of Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (Australia) and British Columbia’s Civil Resolution Tribunal (Canada),whose ODR systems have been well established. This article demonstrates the necessity for Taiwan to establish online dispute resolution, so that disputes can be resolved conveniently and expeditiously. The design of ODR platform should be human-centered and multi-tier dispute resolution and allowing the parties to have opportunities to resolve disputes by consensus before litigation. Finally, under the premise to safeguard the due process, the right to procedural disposition for the proceeding of initiation, conduct and relief, how should online dispute resolution be built, ultimately improving the accessibility and efficiency of the judicial system.