韋應物詩中的疾病隱喻及病後復原力

The illness metaphors and resilience in the poems of Wei Ying Wu

疾病原本只是一個客觀的狀態，指身心功能出現障礙而陷入失調，而當疾病進入文學後，便因它各種不同的病因、病狀，而不斷被賦予各種隱喻。本文便是以蘇珊．桑塔格的理論，去理解韋應物詩中的疾病隱喻，再進一步釐清韋氏如何看待、處理疾病。韋應物只有在遇到困境時會選擇以疾病入詩，這些有關疾病的詩作又經常有明確寄贈對象，可知韋氏在創作時，疾病已非客觀現象，而是被賦予特殊意涵。經爬梳，韋應物的疾病隱喻屬於情感性的隱喻，詩中的疾病隱喻也會隨著生命歷程的不同而有所轉變。韋詩中疾病隱喻可分為由不公平待遇所形成的憤怒、因宧遊產生的孤獨感及疏離感、對失序社會的焦慮等。在韋氏病後，他會選擇以書寫宣洩、釐清自己的想法，最後再採取改變國家社會的大環境、轉換個人環境、增進與親友的感情、寄詩抒發對親友的思念之情等方法，治癒自己身心失衡的現象。本文以疾病隱喻切入理解韋詩，並從韋氏的生平及作品中探求該隱喻的成因及意涵，再求得韋氏自我復原的方法及過程，期以此切入觀點，為學界提供另一種理解韋氏其人其詩的角度。

Originally suggesting an objective status in which one is mentally and physically disabled, illness, in literature, is given various metaphorical meanings because of its different causes and symptoms. This article adopted Susan Sontag’s theory to interpret the illness metaphors in the poems written by Wei Ying-wu, and further discussed how he sees and deals with the illness. Those poems that contain descriptions of illness were only written when Wei faced frustrations in life, and were often sent to specific type of people. From the signs above, the author came to a conclusion that illness in Wei’s poems is given with unique meanings instead of only being an objective status. After going through Wei’s works, the author found that his illness metaphors are emotional ones, and that the meaning of those metaphors varies from his life experiences. Metaphors in Wei’s poems express the anger of being mistreated, the feeling of loneliness and alienation caused by the long journeys of his deployments, the anxiety about the anomy, and so forth. After Wei got sick, in order to recover from his psychosomatic disorders, he vented and clarified his thoughts through composing. He then tried methods such as transforming his country and society, altering the environment around him, enhancing his relationship with his family and friends, and sending letters to express how deeply he misses them. This article first examined Wei’s poems from the aspect of illness metaphors. It then discussed the cause and meaning of those metaphors by looking into Wei’s life and works, which finally led to the methods and roads that he took to recover. The author hopes that by examining Wei’s poems with the approach above, this article can offer the healthcare industry another perspective to understand Wei and Wei’s poems.