戰後臺灣鐵道車輛系統的升級：以美援運用為中心(1945-1965)

The Upgrade of Taiwan's Railway Vehicle System after World WarⅡ: Focusing on the U.S. Aid (1945-1965)

戰後臺灣脫離日本殖民之後，鐵路營運的正常化與進一步的發展，是由於國民政府官僚、留用日人和臺籍職員的努力，以及1950年起的美援而達成。此一過程中，值得注意的是，臺鐵的營運是朝那個方向統合？是因國民政府官僚而朝向中式統合，或因美援的關係而走向美式，抑或如同戰前一樣因殖民地的遺存而維持日式？在行政組織、人事結構、硬體設備、運費制度、運輸管理、經營模式等各方面起了什麼樣的變化。此一饒富意義的問題並不只是經濟問題，與戰後臺灣的政治、外交也有深刻的關係。基於上述之問題意識，探討鐵路發展中最具技術成分的車輛問題，指出由戰後到美援時期「動力」與「車輛」系統之升級，臺、美、日間的微妙分工，及其背後在政治、經濟、外交上的意涵。

After World War II, Taiwan broke away from Japanese colonization. The normalization and further development of Taiwan Railway Administration (referred to as TRA hereunder) were achieved due to the efforts of the bureaucrats of the Chinese Nationalist Government, retained Japanese employees, Taiwanese employees, and the US aid from 1950 onwards. During this process, it is worth noting how Taiwan's railway system was integrated. Was it integrated towards the Chinese style because of the bureaucrats of the Nationalist Government or moving towards the American style because of the US aid, or maintained the Japanese style in the colonial period? What kind of changes have taken place in the administrative organization, personnel structure, hardware equipment, transportation charge system, transportation management, business model, and so on? This meaningful question is not only an economic issue, but also deeply related to post-war Taiwan's politics and diplomacy. Based on those discussed above, this study will explicate the most technical issues in railway development, and will analyse the upgrading of power and train systems from the end of World War II to the US-aid period, the subtle roles of Taiwan, the United States and Japan, as well as the meaning in terms of politics, economy, and diplomacy in this process.