退休勞工自主保存產業與勞工文化之研究──以猴硐礦工文史館為例

A Study on the Conservation of Industry and Labor Culture by Retired Workers-In the Case of the Houtong Miner's Museum

猴硐礦工文史館以豐富的煤礦檔案文獻與文物典藏作為基礎，藉由社會大眾與政府部門的力量建構詮釋礦業工作的展覽空間。透過串聯猴硐煤礦遺址群作為煤礦文化生態式的導覽活動，積極推展煤礦歷史文化的教育推廣，成為近年最活躍的煤礦博物館。博物館研究專業展現上，礦工以自身煤礦開採專業，多方與各界研討歷史檔案的意義，並從事煤礦專有名詞解釋研究。本研究以博物館學為主題探討以退休勞動者為自身權益發聲下，自行建構的文化設施以何種方式與社會對話？從中發現由猴硐退休礦工所籌組的「新北市礦業退休人員交流協會」最初以礦工年金權益訴求為主，進而籌建猴硐礦工文史館持續向社會發聲，藉由社區營造與教育推廣計畫，逐漸聚焦於猴硐在地煤礦記憶保存與推廣，藉由不可遺忘煤礦文化的訴求為出發點，逐漸深化社會各界對退休礦工權益的重視。最終本論文以勞工人本精神、檔案與文物保存、空間指認與據點建構、社會網絡串聯等四大方向，分析退休勞工主導勞工類型博物館建構之特徵，釐清退休勞工對博物館經營的核心訴求、原職場產業空間詮釋、勞工文物典藏與展演、勞動生活與重大事件等議題。從中分析猴硐礦工文史館以退休礦工積極參與下，為何展演具有高度的文化真實性、在地參與、教育傳播等特質，並從中開展出捍衛勞動者人本價值的社會公益性意義。

The Houtong Miner's Culture and History Museum based on a rich collection of archival documents and artifacts from the coal mines, and with the support from the public and governments, builds an exhibition space that interprets the operation of the mining industry. The museum has become the most active coal mining museum in recent years, by actively promoting the education of coal mining history and culture and connecting the heritage Houtong mining sites as an ecological exhibition tour for coal mining culture. In the professional museum exhibitions, miners use their own coal mining expertise to discuss the significance of the historical archives in all aspects with people from different areas and explain coal mining terminologies. This study uses museology as a theme to explore how retired workers speak out for their own rights and interests while building a cultural facility on their own, and how the retired workers are in dialogue with the society. It is found that the Association of Retired Miners in New Taipei City, organized by retired miners from the Houtong mines, initially focused on the rights and interests of miner's pensions, and then on the establishment of the Houtong Miner's Culture and History Museum to continue to speak out to the community, and gradually focused on preserving and promoting the memory of the coal mines in Houtong through community construction and educational promotion programs. With the appeal of unforgettable coal mine culture as the starting point, it gradually strengthens the care of the rights and interests of retired miners by people from all communities. In the end, this study analyzes the characteristics of building a labor-oriented museum by retired workers in four major directions: labor-oriented spirits, archival and heritage preservation, spatial identification and site construction, and social networking, to clarify the core demands of retired workers for museum operation, the spatial interpretation of former workplace, the collection and exhibition of labor heritage, and labor life and major events etc. In this context, with the active participation of retired miners, the analysis finds out why the exhibitions of Houtong Miner's Culture and History Museum are so culturally authentic, locally participatory, and develop the meaning of social public interest in defending the human values of workers.