西螺地區廟宇建築活動的協贊圈──以1930年代西螺廣福宮改建為中心

The Contributed Sphere of Temple Building Activities in Xiluo Region, Taiwan: Focusing on the Rebuilding of the Guangfu Mazu Temple, 1930s

1920～1930年代臺灣各地廟宇多興起建築風潮，儘管已有政治、經濟、災害等研究視野對此提出見解，但目前仍尚待釐清其間地方社會動員何以支應建築活動的問題。西螺廣福宮曾在1936年由當地紳商發起改建，於1939年正式完竣，至今留存當時記錄經費、捐款等的營繕簿冊，為臺灣廟宇在動員其既存的社會資源提供重要的分析資料。為釐清社會動員的行動邏輯，發現藉「協贊」的切入視角以觀察地方群眾捐輸廟宇建築活動的情形，能回歸主事者與地方群眾在廟事上共襄盛舉的本質，也直指了廟宇社會文化環境的核心。本文主張地方社會潛在著一個「協贊圈」的概念，是為了說明同一時空範圍內協贊廟宇總有一相仿或重疊的名單的現象，再者研究發現，地方上多少對於「協贊圈」的空間範圍有所感知，並對圈域內有計畫地動員，可認為其為廟宇提供社會資源動員上的概念依據，「協贊圈」能否完整浮現往往成為廟宇能否完竣的關鍵。在西螺地區，受惠於當地廟宇建築活動的協贊風氣，加諸聚落之間經濟依存關係和閩、粵族群淵源等，1870～1930年代間廟宇建築活動之「協贊圈」逐漸穩固，使得西螺街內的廣福宮成為地區內群眾協贊的對象之一，因此廣福宮1930年代改建之捐贊分布情形，基本上也等同於浮現了整個西螺地區廟宇建築活動的「協贊圈」。本文試以「浮現」來說明廟宇藉由一系列舉措來促使潛在的「協贊圈」作出反應，可能流於簡略、單薄，但進一步藉以「建築」、「社會」和「地理」3個尺度作為觀看架構，尺度間之交互作用即是「協贊圈」浮現的過程。在廣福宮改建一例中，無不是顯露出廣福宮與地區歷史、人文間的緊密關係，動員協贊也在尺度交互的順暢上，能夠輕易連結地區中所有足以構成「整體」的時、空因素。因此，從主事者、地方頭人到地方群眾無不被牽扯進廣福宮改建活動之中，進而廣福宮改建成為具有跨時空意義的地方盛事，而獲得十足的社會資源的挹注。

Xiluo Guangfu Mazu Temple, built by Hakka and Hokkien, was rebuilt from 1936 to 1939 and was initiated by local elites. To this day, the account books and the registers that record expenses and donations at that time are still preserved, provide the possibility of breakthrough for Taiwanese temple how to social mobilization. This article is an attempt to construct the potential ''contributed sphere'', that emerged in the temple rebuild, at constructional, social, and geographical scales. From observing the contribution of people who donate and provide any assistance, this article finds that the perspective of ''contribute'' can effectively visualize the folk religious structure and the essential of the temple rebuilding under the permission of political economy. First, whether the ''contributed sphere'' can fully emerge is often the key to the completion of the temple. Second, this article tries to use ''emergence'' to illustrate the development process of the contributed sphere, among the interactions of constructional, social, and geographical scales, the temple prompts a potential contributed sphere to respond through a series of actions. Even if the local people were differentiated by Fujian and Guangdong or blood, it will eventually become a whole in the operating system and some historical events of temple building. Finally, from the temple managers, local leaders to the local people, all of them were involved in the rebuilding of the Guangfu Mazu Temple, and then it was transformed into a significant local event with time transgressive significance (longue duree). Therefore, the temple rebuilding received a lot of resources from the local community.