建築筏基雨水利用與滯洪機制最適運作模式之研究

The Optimal Operation Mode of Rainwater Utilization and Detention System for Building Raft-Foundation

台灣因降雨時空分配不均之緣故，時常面臨乾季缺水、雨季淹水等問題，又因不透水鋪面增加，使得地表逕流增加及洪峰時間提前。因應防洪抗旱相關法令規範之修訂，國內多數建築已將筏基空間列入雨水利用與滯洪空間規畫評估，但由於都市高層建築雨水利用效益普遍偏低，以及建築雨水利用系統在儲存雨水和防洪功能與運作時機有衝突之處，因此需要適切之雨水利用及滯洪系統運作模式才能發揮防洪亢旱之整體效益。本研究針對建築雨水儲存槽和滯洪池設置模式進行歸納及分類，並設定結合雨水利用及滯洪系統在雨季時啟動之滯洪機制，模擬雨水利用系統循環計算與滯洪操作，根據合理集雨面積和最佳儲水量，建立整合雨水利用系統與滯洪機制之筏基操作模式，利用儲水槽容積效率及雨水回收之效益計算，評估不同儲水空間、滯洪機制及替代用水比例下的雨水利用效益。同時，模擬解析雨水利用系統中延長降雨概率基準及儲水天數，探討提升集水量和雨水利用效益之合理基準。都市建築透過增加集雨面積和儲水量提升雨水利用效益，利用筏基空間作為有效利用城市建築之雨水回收利用策略，可大幅減少洪水及乾旱所造成的都市水資源危機。

According to the relevant research and regulation in Taiwan, most constructions have incorporated building raft foundation into the flood detention spaces for evaluation to comply with the present regulations. However, due to the principles of flood detention and rainwater use operations are in conflict with each other, it is necessary to consider the distribution of the dry season and the rainy season throughout the year from the site location. This study summarizes and categorizes rainwater storage spaces and detention pools, sets up a detention mechanism that combines rainwater utilization and detention systems in the rainy season, simulates the cycle calculation of rainwater utilization systems, and evaluates different water storage spaces, detention mechanism, and alternative water use rainwater utilization benefit in proportion. In addition, it also simulates the rainwater utilization system to appropriately extend the probability of rainfall and the number of days of water storage, so that the water storage space increases its proportion in the raft foundation space to increase water collection and enhance rainwater utilization efficiency. This research would summarize the results of the optimal operation model, the effectiveness of rainwater alternative can be improved through the increase of rain collection area and storage volume. In addition, it can be effectively used of the rainwater recycling strategies for urban buildings by utilizing the raft foundation to store rainwater and flood detention, to reduce the urban water crisis due to flood and drought.