數字經濟協定視角下中國數據跨境規則銜接研究

Research on the Convergence of China's Cross-border Data Rules from the Perspective of Digital Economy Agreements

隨著數據跨境成為國際貿易開展的必要途徑，對跨越國界時觸及國家安全與信息隱私的數據予以規制已成為當下熱點問題。對中國而言如何促進國內數據跨境規制體系與國際數字貿易協定的銜接，以平衡跨境數據自由流動與國家利益更是亟待解决的難題。基於中國維護數據主權的核心訴求，數據跨境規制中的國家監管權範圍將直接影響一國的規制空間與政策安排，國家安全與公共政策例外關係到規制措施合法性並引出了數據跨境與隱私保護間微妙的關係。從WTO規則、貿易協定到數字經濟協定的規則借鑒、删改與演變出發進行條文之間的比較，討論我國數據跨境規制體系在保證國家主權利益的前提下符合數字經濟協定規定的解釋空間、修改可能與應對策略。

As cross-border data flow has become an indispensable way for international trade, how to regulate data flow when it possibly threatens national interest and privacy security always gives rise to a heated discussion. As for China, how to promote the convergence of domestic cross-border data regulation system and international digital trade agreements, and then balance the free flow of cross-border data and national interests demands behind the regulatory measures is a difficult problem to be solved urgently. This paper studies and discusses the discrepancy between the rules of digital economic agreements and China's cross-border data regulation framework from the right to regulate, exception clause of national security and public policy, according to China's core demand for data sovereignty. Besides, it explores the revision and development of rules from WTO, free trade agreements to digital economic agreements, in order to probe into the interpretation space and modification possibilities for China's cross-border data regulation system in line with the provisions of the digital economic agreements and building the cross-border data regulation paradigm led by China.