《反外國制裁法》述評

Commentary on China Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law

2021年6月10日，全國人民代表大會常務委員會表决通過《中華人民共和國反外國制裁法》（以下簡稱《反外國制裁法》）。在美國等國對華實體和個人制裁愈演愈烈的背景下，僅用三個月左右便問世的《反外國制裁法》，明顯具有救急的考量。在反制的具體措施上，《反外國制裁法》不僅在源頭上對外國干涉型對華制裁措施的推動方及其關係方實施反制清單制裁，而且還要求任何實體和個人不得執行前述外國干涉型對華制裁措施，並且對在華實體和個人直接賦權，允許其在中國法院起訴前述外國干涉型對華制裁措施的中外執行方，追索所遭受的損失。這種不得執行外國干涉型對華制裁措施的禁令以及訴訟賦權，在實踐中將迫使外國投資者在中美市場間作出兩難的選擇，反過來非常可能對中國經濟産生重大不利影響。誠然，《反外國制裁法》是我國行使主權國家權力的體現，但立法者、執法者如何能夠確保張弛有度，留有餘地，有所為有所不為，值得探討。

On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress adopted China Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law (AFSL). Against the backdrop of increasing foreign sanctions against China, the whole process to enact AFSL only costs no more than 3 months, indicating that it is designed for urgent needs. Regarding specific measures, AFSL not only imposes sanctions on the promoters of foreign sanctions against China and their affiliates, but also requires that no entity or individual shall enforce the aforementioned sanctions against China, and directly empowers entities and individuals in China to sue the Chinese and foreign enforcers of such sanctions in Chinese courts to recover the damages they have suffered. ·Such a ban on enforcement of foreign sanctions against China and the empowerment to sue would, in practice, force Chinese and foreign companies to choose between the U.S. and Chinese markets, which will place them in a dilemma and in turn have significant adverse impact on China's economy. While AFSL is a manifestation of China's sovereign rights, it is worth exploring how to ensure that there is a degree of openness and leeway in making and execution of law.