教師知覺組織支持對教師組織公民行為之影響：情感性組織承諾與工作敬業心的中介效果

The Relationship between Teachers' Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Citizenship Behavior:The Mediating Effect of Affective Organizational Commitment and Job Engagement

本研究植基於組織支持理論，針對情感性組織承諾及工作敬業心，是否對教師的知覺組織支持與組織公民行為之關係具有中介效果進行探討。本研究採用調查研究法，針對臺灣公立國民小學730 位教師進行研究，問卷採李克特氏七點量表設計之。在分析程序上，首先透過驗證性因素分析針對測量的信效度進行檢測，其次，透過描述性統計及積差相關，針對研究變項的反應及相關程度進行分析，最後，採用結構方程模式針對理論模型進行檢證。研究結果顯示，教師在研究變項（知覺組織支持、情感性組織承諾、工作敬業心、利他主義、認真盡責、運動家精神、事前知會、公民道德）的知覺程度，介於「有些符合」與「符合」之間；再者，在相關分析方面，八個變項彼此之間皆呈現顯著的正向相關；最後，理論模型分析結果顯示，教師的知覺組織支持可以透過情感性組織承諾的中介作用，間接對利他主義、運動家精神及公民道德等三個組織公民行為事例產生正向的影響，另外，教師的知覺組織支持則可透過工作敬業心的中介作用，間接對五個不同事例的組織公民行為產生正向的影響。依據研究結果，本研究針對學校實務及未來研究提出建議。

This study is grounded in organizational support theory in its attempt to investigate whether affective organizational commitment and job engagement have any mediating effect on the relationship between teachers’ perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior. In this study, the survey research method was employed, targeting 730 public elementary school teachers in Taiwan as its research subjects, and using a questionnaire whose design adopted the 7-point Likert scale. The analysis procedure started with testing the reliability and validity of the measurements by means of a confirmatory factor analysis, followed by analyzing the responses of the variables and the extent of their correlation through descriptive statistics and product–moment correlation, and finally conducting a verification of the theoretical model using the structural equation model. The research results indicated that the degree of perception of the teachers in the research variables, namely perceived organizational support, affective organizational commitment, job engagement, altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, courtesy, and civic virtue, lay between “somewhat applicable” and “applicable.” Furthermore, with respect to the correlation analysis, significant positive correlation existed among all the eight variables. Finally, the results of the theoretical model analysis showed that the teachers’ perceived organizational support could indirectly produce positive influence on the cases of three organizational behaviors, namely, altruism, sportsmanship, and civic virtue, through the mediating effect of their affective organizational commitment. In addition, their perceived organizational support could indirectly generate positive influence on five different cases of their organizational citizenship behavior through the mediating effect of job engagement. Based on the research results, this study puts forward recommendations for school practices and future research.