從「報導文學」到「非虛構寫作」的文化演繹史──一場面向現實方法的辯證

The History of Cultural Interpretation from“Reportage Literature”to“Non-fiction Writing”: What is the Methodological Thinking Oriented to Reality

台灣的紀實文學發展，在以報導文學為主的架構與脈絡中，於新聞與文學兩大元素的綜整下，長期成為台灣文學介入社會的重要方法。放在台灣大文學史的框架來看，這種全球地域之間的文學、文化相互影響、共振，並非主流和支流的關聯，反倒是交互影響與落地生根的交互關係。於此，本文將爬梳台灣與中國的報導文學發展，試圖從中勾勒出「非虛構寫作」如何在台灣落地生根，並藉由嫁接在報導文學，逐漸形成新興的文類，或是說文化現象。然而，報導文學的沒落也造就了「非虛構寫作」的出現，且巧妙的與中國的非虛構寫作發展產生文化共振。如果說台灣非虛構寫作的出現是一種對文學的反思，那麼中國非虛構寫作的出現則是一種對於政治的反諷。從報導文學到非虛構寫作的轉化，一如未來學的浮現議題分析所述，是從伏流逐漸興起的流變過程，而這過程在出版界、學術界、創作者三方面，因應各自的紀實書寫發展困境，而同時借用、援用「非虛構寫作」一詞，以做為回應自身在文化產業的困境與焦慮。

Documentary literature in Taiwan as a literary development has long been an important way for Taiwan literature to intervene in society. With a framework and context that is heavily influenced by reportage literature, it is a genre that integrates two major elements: journalism and literature. From the perspective of Taiwan literary history, this type of literary and cultural interaction between global sites is not an uneven relationship, but rather one of mutual influence. This paper will collate the developments of reporting literature in Taiwan and China, and expose the reasons why“non-fiction writing”has taken root in Taiwan. By grafting itself upon the literature of reporting,“non-fiction writing”has also formed an emerging genre or cultural phenomenon. The decline of reportage literature has also caused the emergence of“non-fiction writing”. Furthermore, the development of nonfiction writing in Taiwan and China has produced cultural resonances. Non-fiction writing in Taiwan is a reflection on literature, but non-fiction writing in China is a satire on politics. The evolution from reportage literature to non-fiction writing is a gradual emergence from volts, as Future Studies’“Emergent Issue Analysis”suggests. In this process, the term“non-fiction writing”was invoked in response to the plight of“publishing,”“academia,”and“writers”in their respective developmental dilemmas and anxieties in the cultural industry.