誰把詩壇樹「亞洲」──戰後台灣、韓國漢詩壇銜接視野下的邵毓麟、彭國棟與李瑄根

Who Founded the Chinese Poetry Communities in“Asia”: Exploring the Connections between Post-war Chinese Poetry Communities in Taiwan and South Korea from the Perspectives of Shao Yulin, Peng Guodong, and Lee Seon Geun

戰前同為日本殖民地的台灣與韓國，戰後卻分別走向「光復」與「獨立」的歷史進程。對此，本文擬分別就中華民國首任駐韓大使邵毓麟之傳記《使韓回憶錄》，以及宣揚東方文化以成反共大業的《亞洲詩壇》為考察的節點，依序就政治、文學兩條軌跡，勾勒戰後台灣、韓國漢詩人的人際網絡，以折射戰後台灣、韓國漢詩壇的交流生態。藉此揭櫫在此看似毫不相干的戰後歷程中，台灣、韓國漢文學間，實蘊藏著盤根錯節的歷史淵源與互動機制。具體而言，台灣在「光復」的語境下，帶有強烈象徵民族精神的漢詩，被大力提倡用以重構國族認同；反觀過去同為東亞漢字文化圈一員的韓國，在獨立的自覺與政治需求下，則走上倡議廢止漢字以推行國語的發展路線。將台灣以漢文學建構民族性，韓國以去漢化的方式來凝聚韓國魂的政治實踐並置而論，兩國文學發展看似背道而馳，但實則就在兩造一邊擁護漢詩與一邊壓抑漢字，不斷相互作用的動態張力中，意外開創台灣、韓國漢文學錯置的生產與傳播空間，繼而締造台灣、韓國文學史上互動最為密切的一段特殊景觀。同時也欲指出藉漢詩重構戰後台灣、韓國文學互動機制，以突破目前既有之研究框架與範疇的可行路徑。

Both Japanese colonies before the end of World War II, Taiwan and South Korea each moved toward retrocession and independence after the war respectively. This study compares two works: My Mission to Korea: A Personal Record of Modern Sino–Korean Relations and Asian Poetry. The former is the biography of Shao Yulin, the first ambassador of the Republic of China to South Korea; the latter is a magazine founded by Peng Guodong, which advocated anticommunism and promoted Eastern cultures. From the aspects of politics and literature, this paper outlines the interpersonal network of Chinese poets in Taiwan and South Korea during the post-war period to reflect on the interactions between post-war Taiwanese and South Korean poetry communities. This analysis reveals the intertwined historical origins and interaction mechanisms of Taiwanese and South Korean Chinese literature which had previously seemed to be unrelated. Taiwan, under the context of retrocession, favored Chinese poetry that embodied patriotism; in contrast, South Korea, which was once a member of the East Asian cultural sphere, largely ceased its use of Chinese characters and developed its own language system to fulfill political needs and the increasing demand for independence. Whereas Taiwan established nationality through the production of Chinese literature, South Korea gathered the consensus of its people through de-Sinicization. The literary development of these two former colonies appeared to diverge; the former preserved Chinese poetry, whereas the latter suppressed the use of Chinese characters. The dynamic tension generated by the mutual influence between the Chinese poetry of Taiwan and South Korea unintentionally created a space for the production, dissemination, and interaction of Taiwanese and South Korean literature. Thus, the use of Chinese poetry to reconstruct the interactions between postwar Taiwanese and South Korean literature offers potential breakthroughs in relation to existing frameworks and scopes of research in both literary domains.