中學國語文單元教學問題評析與教學模式之建議

Comments on Mandarin Teaching Problems in Secondary Education Schools and Suggestion for Teaching Models

本文評析中學國語文教學存在著整體設計與單獨預習字詞缺乏脈絡，引起動機冗長失焦，作者與題解教學時機錯置，內容、字詞與形式深究交錯教學，輔助教材喧賓奪主，缺乏在地現代連結，以及綜合活動份量過於單薄、偏離主題與層次不夠到位等常見問題。為求改善前述教學問題，參酌既有國語文教學模式與個人見解，本文提出以傳統教學模式為基礎的微調模式，並以詳細的步驟與說明，清楚呈現其在文言文或白話文單元的教學流程及細節。此一建議模式能讓習慣傳統教學模式的教師安心，亦有優於其他傳統教學模式之處。基於研究結果，本文建議中學國語文教師省思教學問題，並參採本文所提教學模式，適當調整教學設計與程序；師培大學教師能引導師資生研析掌握合宜的國語文教學模式；教科用書出版業者調整教科書、教師手冊或備課用書等之內容編排順序或方式；教育研究者或工作者則透過實驗，驗證本文所提教學模式之實徵效益。

This article reviews common problems of the teaching of Mandarin in secondary education schools, including the design of the entire unit and word preview are not placed in the overall context; the activities that stimulate learning motivation taking too long and not adequately link themes; the teaching timing of introduction of author and topic is inappropriate; the content, words, and forms are intertwined in the teaching; the supplementary teaching material is unsuitable to become the primary teaching material; the teaching fails to connect the local background and the contemporary era; the comprehensive activities are too brief and off-topic, and the level of activities is not high enough. To improve the teaching problems mentioned above, I refined and proposed a Mandarin teaching model and, through detailed steps and explanations, clearly presented the teaching procedures and details of different types of units. This model can make teachers accustomed to the traditional teaching model feel comfortable, and it also has advantages that are different from the traditional one. According to the research results, this article suggests that Mandarin teachers in secondary education schools reflect on teaching problems and adopt the teaching model proposed to adjust teaching design and procedures. The education university professors help students to research, analyze and understand the appropriate teaching model of Mandarin. Textbook publishers change the order of content items or teaching method recommendations in textbooks or teacher manuals. Educational researchers or practitioners verify the real benefits of the teaching model proposed in this article through practice.