基於《線上賽夏語詞典》之賽夏語元音聲學探究

An Acoustic Exploartion of the Vowels in Saisiyat: Based on Online Saisiyat Dictionary

本研究利用聲學來分析賽夏語的單元音［i，oe，æ，ǝ，a，o］以及元音／i，o／在鄰近特定輔音時的元音變體，分析語料取自《線上賽夏語詞典》中所收錄的女性發音人所唸讀的單字。本研究採用PRAAT分析目標元音的第一與第二共振峰數值，並將之轉換為相應的巴克值，最後利用巴克值來繪製元音聲學空間圖與進行統計分析。聲學分析顯示，賽夏語的／oe，ǝ／與／æ，a／兩組元音在元音格局圖中非常靠近，因此可以用／ǝ／與／a／兩個音位分別取代即可。此外，賽夏語的／o／應該改寫為／u／，且／i／只有在後接喉塞韻尾時才會變讀成［e，ɪ］。根據本研究的聲學分析結果，本研究最後針對賽夏語的元音發音描寫提出修訂以利教學之參考，並對往後的臺灣南島語言語音研究提供建議。

This study acoustically probed into the monophthongs /i, oe, æ, ǝ, a, o/ and the allophonic variants of /i, o/ adjacent to specific consonants in Saisiyat. The data were collected from Online Saisiyat Dictionary. This study made use of PRAAT to measure the frequency values of the first and second formants of the target vowels, transformed them into corresponding Bark values, and finally used the Bark-converted values to draw vowel pattern charts. The analytical results showed that /oe, ǝ/ and /æ, a/ can be simply replaced by /ǝ/ and /a/ respectively on account of their adjacency in places of articulation on the charts of vowel pattern. Moreover, /o/ ought to be revised as /u/ in Saisiyat, and /i/ will be lowered as [e,ɪ] before a glottal stop coda. According to the acoustically analyzing results, this study proposed a modified articulatory description for Saisiyat vowels, and provided suggestions for future phonetic/acoustic research to Austranesian languages in Taiwan.