中國兒童性別角色發展之研究

「男女有別」是古今中外普遍存在的事實。近來二性關係之課題相當受到重視，但是大多僅限於兩性間親密關係之研究，「性別角色發展」此一基本問題卻常被忽視。最根本的研究課題，有關我國兒童性別角色發展歷程之研究，更是完全厥如。個人遂有研究國人性別角色發展之動機，嘗試介紹國外有關性別角色發展之理論及相關之實證研究，並以我國兒童為對象，進行類似之研究。希望藉此研究能激起大家對於性別角色研究之興趣，以共同解決性別分化之困擾。因此本研究之具體目的有四：1. 探討兒童性別角色發展之理論基礎及其相關之實證研究。2. 發展國人測量兒童性別角色發展之工具。3. 探究我國兒童性別分化之歷程。4. 探究影響我國兒童性別分化之因素。

The purpose of this study was to design a scale， as a tool， for measuring the processes of Chinese Children sex role development， and provide reference for studying on sex role correlation.Based on a survey on Chinese adults’ sex role stereotype and literature study， “Sex Role Development Scale for Chinese Children” had been designed， in which toy， work and personality trait were the contents， while SRD（Sex role differentiation）， SRP（Sex role preference）and SRC（Sex role confirmation）were the measuring indexes， and the Scale was divided into nine sections. The Scale was deliberately applied on 561 students（including 290 boy students and 271 girl students）which were selected at random from various Taipei municipal kindergartens and primary schools. Following are some findings from the study：（1）Different scores were result in different measuring contents and measuring indexes. It means， the processes of sex role development were varied in each sections.（2）Both boys and girls， at the age of 3 ─5 ， had c lear concept of toys sex role stereotype as adults’. But， only the boys of eleven had the same concept of personality traits sex role stereotype as adults’.（3）Both children’s preference for toys inclined to match with the sex role stereotype as the age grows， just like that boys’ preference for works；but stereotype as the age grows， just like that boys’ preference for works；but the girls’ preference for works and both children’s preference for personality traits had no progress in matching with sex stereotype even increasement of age.（4）Before age 5， there were no distinguished sex difference in each sections. The boys aged between 5 and 11 had a clearer concept to the stereotype of the same sex， also their preference match more with social stereotype. On the contrary， the girls had a clearer concept to the stereotype of the opposite sex， and their preference inclined to match with “the appropriate sex of one’s own conception”.（5）For Chinese Children， the suitable measuring contents are toys scale and works scale， while the proper measuring indexes for children age 3 ─ 5 are “SRP” and “SRD”， aged 5 ─ 11 “SRP”.