實質訴訟法的法源論及其現實意義

On the Legal Source of Substantive Law of Litigation and its Practical Significance

民事訴訟法是實質訴訟規範和訴訟程式規範之集合。實質訴訟規範由來於私法體系，在被納入民事訴訟法之後，並不能改變其法源（法律淵源）出自私法而不是訴訟程式法的史實。實質訴訟概念建立在民法基礎之上，但由於立法者沒有在制定法中解釋這些概念，實踐中又存在許多不能直接以民事訴訟法為法源解釋和適用這些概念的問題，因而該當依據何種法源解釋和適用實質訴訟概念就成為了一項極具理論意義和實踐意義的重大課題。目前，在實質訴訟概念的解釋方面存在訴訟法說和實體法說的對立，這不僅給司法實踐造成困擾，也給建設理論自洽的民事訴訟法及其理論體系造成了巨大困難。因此，重新審視實質訴訟法的法源問題，對於科學把握民法與民事訴訟法的關係，促進民事訴訟法的法典化建設有著十分重要的現實意義。

The Civil Procedure Law is a combination of substantive norms and procedural norms of litigation. The substantive norms are derived from the civil law and written down in the Civil Procedure Law, but the historical fact that they come from the civil law rather than the procedural law will not be changed. The concept of substantive litigation is based on the civil law. Because the legislator doesn’t give interpretation to the relative concepts, and in practice these concepts can’ t be applied with the Civil Procedure Law being interpreted as the source of them, it is a both theoretically and practically significant topic to discuss the basis for interpreting and applying the concept of substantive litigation i. e. theory of essence of legal source. There are two opposite arguments for the interpretation of the substantive litigation, one is based on the procedural law and the other is from the view of the civil law, which has brought confusion in practice and difficulty in theory for the construction of the system of civil procedure law. Thus, it is of great practical significance to regain the legal source of the substantive law of litigation for a scientific understanding of the relationship between the Civil Procedure Law and the civil law and an advancement of the codification of the Civil Procedure Law.