成功讓子女從母姓：多重關係下協商主體的法意識重塑

Inheriting Mother’s Surname: Subject Position and Legal Consciousness in Multiple Relationship

2007年我國民法修正後，法律賦予了夫妻平等協商子女姓氏的權利。然而，修法無法改變從父姓常規，現實上並未促成性別平等。既有研究著重於分析父系繼嗣與父姓常規難以撼動的結構，以及協商者的談判策略。本文另闢蹊徑，試圖分析成功讓子女從母姓者協商過程的法意識。本文訪談14位分別來自10個成功約定子女從母姓之夫或妻，針對他們從母姓協商過程中的想法、感受與決定，探究其協商時理解與經驗法律的法意識。研究發現，協商者並非僅是經歷著文獻所描繪的身分認同與法意識之遞迴，而是在多重關係中探詢自我，從中找尋相對於結構、家族、家庭與重要他人間的自我位置。一方面，成功的協商者運用法律賦予的協商權利，以此抵抗在關係中的性別角色，協商模式包括啟動夫妻關係認同、繞過性別規範、或者拆解主流論述。另一方面，成功的協商者往往經歷三個重構情感距離的階段：「期望被理解階段：情感不衡平下強化認知對立」、「放棄說服他者階段：情緒強化下的對抗法意識」以及「心理劃界階段：協商的意義轉化」。研究成果顯示，突破父姓常規者的法意識並非單向、線性、或理性的認知結果，而是共構於結構下、人們尋找自我定位、建構主體的抵抗行動。

Since 2007 the amendment of article 1059 in Taiwan's civil law has provided that husbands and wives have equal rights when negotiating their children's surnames; however, there has been little change in practice. Past studies on maternal surnames have discussed the contemporary diversity of traditional patrilineal inheritance practices, but they do not discuss the social process of negotiation that parents face as they struggle to give their children the mother's surname. This paper aims to explore this process that parents must navigate when realizing their rights by presenting the findings of 14 in-depth interviews from 10 couples who successfully gave their children their mother's surname. An analysis of their legal consciousness suggests that parents must manage multiple relationships within the patrilineal system and that this has a great influence on the recursive nature of identity and legal consciousness. Many efforts are made to challenge their gender roles across these multiple relationships, such as by strengthening their marital identity to contest any objections from the pressure of patrilineal relationship, by bypassing gender norms to challenge the dominant ideas and practices, or by producing their own discourse to persuade other members of the larger family. During this process, their self-identity and sense of belonging go through three emotional stages: first, affective imbalance and sense of injustice; second, anger and self-protection as a way of contest; third, alienation or distancing from other members of the larger family and a redefining of the meaning of negotiation. This research shows that the conventional father's surname is not an unchangeable gender structure, and similarly, that agencies in the diverse system of oppression and multiple role relationships are not unreceptive to change. The key to success appears to lie in establishing a more appropriate subject position or self-identity and reshaping the collective legal consciousness, while simultaneously resetting the distance between themselves and others.