誰是 COVID-19 疫情下的旅運行為調適弱者？

Disadvantaged Groups in Travel Behavior Adaptation to the COVID-19 Epidemic

新冠肺炎（COVID-19）衝擊了全球的經濟活動和旅運行為，雖然臺灣對於疫情的控制相對穩定，但各類公共運輸的運量於疫情期間明顯衰減。然而，單就運量統計資料，並無法得知疫情下特定群體的旅運行為變化，亦無法釐清在防疫政策宣導減少群聚和非必要旅運下，仍難以因應疫情風險來調適旅運行為的群體。因此，本研究以識別疫情及防疫政策下的「疫情調適弱者」為目的，以高雄為實證地區，透過抽樣設計及面訪問卷調查，收集原高雄市範圍之市民於三個疫情階段之「疫情前」、「疫情中」、「解封後」的旅運行為，以及社會經濟特徵。藉此，本研究透過連結旅運行為和社會經濟特徵，分析疫情下捷運使用族群的旅運行為變化及社會經濟特徵組成變化。研究結果發現，未成年、學生、低或無收入者或者無法使用私人機動車輛之乘客，係為捷運使用族群中的「疫情調適弱者」。當其他特徵的捷運使用族群於進入「疫情中」而出現退出捷運使用之傾向時，「疫情調適弱者」占捷運使用族群之比例反而增加，顯示其難以因應疫情風險及防疫政策來調適旅運行為之特性。最後，本研究基於「疫情調適弱者」之概念，提出針對特定社會經濟群體的票價優惠以及針對整體捷運使用族群的服務水準確保，作為後疫情時代的公共運輸發展策略。

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted global economic activities and travel behavior. Although Taiwan has fairly stable epidemic control, it experienced a significant decline in public transportation passenger volume during the epidemic. However, traffic statistics alone cannot explain the travel behavior change of specific groups under the epidemic or identify the groups that cannot adapt travel behavior to epidemic risk under an epidemic prevention policy promoting decreases in crowd gathering and non-essential travel. Therefore, this study aims to identify the “epidemic-adaptation disadvantaged” under the epidemic and its prevention policy, with Kaohsiung as the study area. The data of pre-epidemic, during-epidemic and post-policy-lifting travel behavior, and socioeconomic characteristics from citizens in the original Kaohsiung City are collected through sampling design and a face-to-face questionnaire survey. This investigation integrates travel behavior and socioeconomic characteristics to analyze the travel behavior changes and socioeconomic characteristic composition changes of metro users across the epidemic. Analytical results indicate that passengers who are minors, students, low-or-no-income or without access to private motor vehicles are the “epidemic-adaptation disadvantaged” groups in metro use. The proportion of the “epidemic-adaptation disadvantaged” groups among metro users increases while others tend to withdraw from metro use toward the during-epidemic phase. This rise represents difficulty for the disadvantaged in adapting travel behavior to epidemic risk and epidemic prevention policy. Finally, based on the concept of the “epidemic-adaptation disadvantaged”, this study proposes a fare discount policy for specific socioeconomic groups and service-level maintenance for the total metro users as public transportation development strategies in the post-COVID-19 era.