廠商與出口異質性對出口成長的影響——中國的實證研究

Firm and Export Heterogeneity in Export Growth: Evidence from China

本文探討廠商特性與出口異質性對出口成長所扮演的角色。利用中國2001－2007年廠商與海關合併的出口廠商資料進行實證研究，結果發現：相較於大廠與廠齡較大的廠商，小廠與年輕廠商有較高的出口成長；外資廠商的出口成長率低於私有廠商，特別是合資的外資廠商尤為顯著。本文亦發現出口型態、市場選擇，和出口邊際（export margins）為出口成長的影響性因子：加工出口和出口到先進國家的比率較高有助於提升出口成長率；出口的廣度邊際（出口產品數與出口國家數）對出口成長亦具有正向的影響。差異性分析發現：外資廠商與當地廠商，以及加工出口導向與一般出口導向廠商之間的出口成長之決定因素存在相當大的差異。

This study examines the roles of firm characteristics and export heterogeneity in export growth. An analysis of the 2001-2007 firm-customs data set from China reveals that small and young firms exhibit higher export growth than large and mature firms. Conversely, foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs), particularly joint ventures, exhibit a significantly lower export growth rate relative to private firms. Export type, market choice, and export variety are influential factors in export growth rate. A higher ratio of processing exports and a larger share of exports to advanced economies increase the growth rate of exports. Product variety and number of destinations are also positively associated with export growth. Considerable differences in the determinants of export growth exist between FIEs and domestic firms and between processing and ordinary export-oriented firms.