網路犯罪與資訊安全的未來──從網域名稱扣押談網路治理

The Future of Cybercrime and Information Security–On Internet Governance from Domain Name Seizure

網路犯罪已然成為現階段最重要的犯罪型態，從影音串流侵權、投資詐欺至兒少性剝削等，無一不是廣泛而即時的法益侵害。但從犯罪偵查角度言之，此類犯罪的行為人本身，以及用以實施犯罪的網站伺服器等所在位置，經常不在我國境內。對於用以作為犯罪工具的網域名稱，美國以扣押、沒收的方式處理，肇因於美國就網域名稱管理的各個層面，具有其他國家無法匹敵的刑事管轄權。然而，對於含有.tw頂級域名以外的網域名稱，我國執法機關並無法比照美國模式進行實質扣押，而是援引刑事訴訟法第133條之1，向地方法院聲請域名扣押裁定，以停止域名解析方式，限制使用者接取不法網站。展望未來，對於網路犯罪與資訊安全，應轉變既有思維：一、防治重於查緝；二、維持刑法謙抑性；三、善用民事及刑事手段；四、加強國際合作；五、強化網路治理，方能因應日後來自虛擬世界的各種挑戰。

Cybercrime has become the most important type of crime at this stage, from video streaming infringement, investment fraud to child sexual exploitation, etc., all of which are widespread and immediate violations of legal interests. However, from the perspective of criminal investigation, the perpetrators of such crimes, as well as the location of the website server used to commit the crime, are often not located in our country. For domain names used as criminal tools, the United States has treated them with seizure and forfeiture, because the United States has criminal jurisdiction that is unmatched by other countries in all aspects of domain name management. However, for domain names other than the .tw top-level domain, Taiwan’s law enforcement agencies cannot follow the American model, but to invoke Article 133-1 of the Criminal Procedure Law to apply to the court for domain name seizure warrant to disable domain name resolution and restrict user’s access to unlawful websites. Looking forward to the future, regarding cybercrime and information security, the existing thinking should be changed to: 1. Prevention is more important than investigation; 2. Maintaining restraining of criminal law; 3. Making good use of civil and criminal means; 4. Strengthening international cooperation; 5. Strengthening internet governance can we respond to various challenges from the virtual world in the future.