南非高中歷史教科書中的轉型正義及以資料為本的編寫策略

Transitional Justice in South Africa’s High School History Textbooks and Implementation of Source-Based Editing Strategy

在推動轉型正義的國家中，南非的「真相與和解委員會」（Truth and Reconciliation Commission）是頗富盛名的一個模式；而該國歷史教科書以「真相與和解委員會」為焦點，引導學生瞭解轉型正義的工作並反思追求真相與和解的真義，亦值得他國在編寫教科書時所參考。除此之外，南非歷史教科書採取以資料為本的編寫策略，強調歷史教學的目的不僅止於傳遞歷史內容，更在於為學習者培養歷史技能。本文除介紹南非的高中歷史課綱對真相與和解委員會相關內容的規劃外，主要分析教科書當中如何說明該國轉型正義的工作與重要爭論，以及如何使用不同類型與來源的資料來培養學習者探究歷史的能力。希望透過本研究有助於我國編寫歷史教科書時參考。

South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) is a well-known model for promoting transitional justice, and in the context of history textbook editing, the content of South African history textbooks that pertains to the TRC’s efforts to seek the truth and promote reconciliation is worthy of reference for textbooks in other countries. South African history textbooks emphasize the source-based editing strategy, aiming to deliver historical content while enhancing the ability of learners to perform historical enquiry. The present article discusses South Africa’s national history curriculum planning for the teaching of TRC-related content. It also analyzes how these textbooks explain the TRC’s work and various controversies and how source-based activities were designed to cultivate the historical skills of learners.