論行政法典對數字政府建設的回應

On the Administrative Code’s Response to the Construction of Digital Government

行政法典有必要對數字政府建設作出全面回應，以實現對數字時代行政權力的有效約束。數字政府建設強化了公共行政的共性基礎，為行政法法典化進程提供了支撐，而法典化本身也將積極回應數字政府建設的整體性要求。行政法典應當主要規定基礎規則而非具體制度細節，以應對數位政府建設加速創新的挑戰。在內部體例上，由於數字政府建設貫穿公共行政各個領域，與其他編章有大量交叉，因此，難以獨立成編。在外部關係上，行政法典需要處理好與《中華人民共和國個人資訊保護法》等領域法的競合問題。具體內容上，行政法典應當對數字政府建設予以全面回應：總則編中，貫徹和發展現有原則並吸收新的原則；行政組織編中，重新界定行政主體，規範公私合作與公務員數位素養；公物編中，建立公共資料與政府數位基礎設施系統性規範；行政活動（行政行為）編中，完善自動化行政行為規範；行政程式編中，完善數位化行政程式，保護相對人的選擇權，建立監督糾正機制；行政救濟編中，建立新技術證據的運用規則。

It is necessary for the administrative code to make a comprehensive response to the construction of digital government in order to effectively restrict the administrative power in the digital era. The construction of digital government strengthens the common foundation of public administration and provides support for the codification of administrative law. Codification itself will effectively respond to the requirements of the whole of the construction of digital government. As far as the construction of digital government is concerned, the administrative code should mainly stipulate basic rules rather than detailed rules to meet the challenge of its rapid innovation. In terms of the internal code structure, since the construction of digital government runs through all areas of public administration and overlaps with many other chapters, it is difficult to be an independent section. In terms of the external relations, the administrative code needs to deal with the relationship with the Personal Information Protection Law and other laws. In terms of the specific content, the administrative code should give a comprehensive response to the construction of digital government: in the general provisions, existing principles should be implemented and developed, the new principle should be absorbed; in the section of administrative organizations, the administrative subject should be redefined, and public-private cooperation and civil servants’ digital literacy should be regulated; in the section of public property, rules for public data and government digital infrastructure should be established systematically; in the section of administrative activities, rules of automated administrative acts should be improved; in the section of administrative procedures, the digital administrative procedures should be improved, the option of administrative counterparts should be protected, and a supervision and correction mechanism should be established; in the section of administrative remedy, the application rule of new technical evidence should be established.