國家環境保護義務在我國環境法典中的定位與表達

The Position and Expression of National Environmental Protection Obligation in China’s Environmental Code

全國人大常委會將環境法典編纂定位于“行政立法領域”，強調行政管理及權力行使，提出了憲法所規定的國家環境保護義務如何在環境法典的整個體系中加以體現的學術命題。2018年《憲法修正案》確立了“美麗中國建設”國家目標，賦予國家環境保護義務更為豐富的內涵。法典編纂是體現國家環境保護義務最為適宜、最為合理的規範路徑，是貫徹落實習近平生態文明思想的具體實踐。國家環境保護義務在環境法典總則中體現為包括生態環境管理體制、政府生態環境保護職責、生態環境黨內法規與國家法律有機銜接、履行國家環境保護義務的監督等在內的一系列內容；同時，基於總則的涵攝效力，環境法典總則內容對各分則的政府生態環境保護職責、特定國家權力運行構成規範指引。

The National People’s Congress positioned the compilation of environmental code as “the field of administrative legislation”, which means the national environmental protection obligations stipulated in the constitution should be embodied in the overall system of the environmental code. Codification is the most appropriate and reasonable normative path to embody the national environmental protection obligation. The embodiment of national environmental protection obligations in the general provisions of the environmental code mainly includes the ecological environment management system, the government’s ecological environment protection responsibilities, the organic connection between CCP laws and regulations of ecological environment and national laws, and supervision measures, and guide the relevant contents of the specific provisions of the environmental code.