《民法典》視域下身份權的教義重述

Doctrinal Restatement of“Identity Rights”from the Perspective of Civil Code

學界對身份權的關注相對不足，身份權在民法典視域下作何解讀，值得探究。既有學說中的身份權存在客體空心化之弊，無法完成原權式構造。基於身份關係的義務性底色，《民法典》中的“身份權利”實為性質各異的諸種“權利”之集合。“身份權利”應限於婚姻家庭的基礎性語境，其“身份”含義應與其他廣義上的“身份”含義相區分。《民法典》第1001條的前後半句分別對應顯性的“身份權利”的保護和隱性的身份法益保護，二者在方法上分別借由同用型指示參照適用和准用型參照適用對接各自的規範本旨。

The academic circles pay relatively little attention to identity right. It is worth exploring how to interpret identity right from the perspective of the Civil Code. The identity right in the existing theory has the disadvantage of hollowing out the object and cannot complete the original right-style structure. Based on the obligatory background of the relationship of identity, the “identity rights” in Civil Code are actually a collection of various “rights” of different natures. “Identity Rights” should be limited to the basic context of marriage and family, and the meaning of “identity” should be distinguished from other meanings of “identity” in a broad sense. The first and second half sentences of Article 1001 of the Civil Code correspond to the protection of explicit “identity rights” and the protection of implicit legal interests of identity respectively. In terms of method, they are connected to their respective normative principles by application, which refer to indication of “similar use” and mutatis mutandis.