兩種鄉村社會關係對其龍舟競渡環境的重構－－以中國福州市三溪村、洋下村為例

Environmental Differences of Dragon Boat Racing Caused by Rural Social Relations: Case Study of Sanxi Village and Yangxia Village in Fuzhou City, China

龍舟競渡作為中國傳統節日文化活動，已從原本娛神祭祀的功能發展出新的活力，本文以具有龍舟傳統的福建省福州市三溪村、洋下村的龍舟競渡活動作為研究對象，通過田野調查，對其競渡環境進行了記錄和分析，並認為兩個村子在競渡中產生的諸多空間差異實際上來源於共同的文化傳統和不同的現代發展，一種體現為家長制主導的組織模式，另一種則是資本主導的發展模式。其中存在三股力量的博弈，其空間的表現是：敬老院、村會所、村委，而競渡活動的物質環境也受到這三種力量的影響。

As an important Chinese festive tradition, dragon boat racing has evolved from a ritualistic custom for deity veneration to a vibrant and exciting activity over the years. This article focusses on the dragon boat activities in Sanxi Village and Yangxia Village in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, where the tradition of dragon boat racing has been preserved and passed down. Through field research, the study observed and analyzed the racing environment of the two villages and found that although they share the same cultural traditions, individual social developments have caused the many differences in their dragon boat activities. In both villages exist three institutions having the most powers in local decision-making: the nursing home, the village club, and the village committee. Still, due to different social structure and relations, Sanxi Village is more of paternalism while that of Yangxia Village is more of capitalism, and such context also affects the environment and organization of the two villages’ dragon boat activities and leads to the differences between them.