拉曼光譜分析儀對於毒品犯罪偵查之研究──從刑事鑑定之視角探究

Research on Drug-Related Crimes Investigation by Raman Spectrometer-From the Perspective of Criminal Identification

本研究聚焦於以拉曼光譜分析儀進行毒品初步檢驗運作上之現況、成效、困境與策進作為，採用質性研究方法，透過立意取樣方式，進行半結構式個別訪談服務於嘉義市政府警察局之行政警察、刑事警察與鑑識人員共計10名。研究結果發現警察機關所查獲之毒品態樣多為K他命與安非他命，所查獲之咖啡奶茶包裝樣式種類多樣且其內容物主要係混有二、三級毒品為主，因為該儀器準確率高達近88%，故可有效作為檢察官聲請羈押與法官裁定羈押之佐證，且使用該儀器進行毒品初步檢驗在司法程序中將可減少被誤判的無辜者以及嚇阻僥倖規避法律制裁之人，更能伸張正義維護人權。本研究提出以下建議：（一）在操作拉曼光譜分析儀時，經驗累積與傳承非常重要；（二）毒品拉曼資料庫可以與相關機關資源共享、向廠商購買或是自建擴充方式來增加與更新毒品拉曼資料庫之筆數；（三）在經費許可範圍下，警察機關可購置波長1064nm拉曼光譜分析儀取代波長785nm拉曼光譜分析儀，以改善螢光干擾等問題，進而增進毒品鑑驗之效能；（四）毒品純度或是取樣上的誤差等因素可能影響到拉曼光譜分析儀檢測之結果，故毒品證物仍應以專業鑑定機關鑑定為準。

This research focuses on the current status, effectiveness, dilemma and strategic actions of the Raman spectroscopy in the process of preliminary drug testing procedures in drug cases. This research uses qualitative research methods to conduct a semi-structured interview of individual through deliberate sampling, which contains a total of 10 administrative police, criminal police and forensic officers at the Chiayi City Police Bureau. The results of the study found that most of the drugs samples seized by the police were ketamine and amphetamines. In addition, the packaging styles of the coffee milk tea were diverse and the contents were mainly mixed with second and third class of drugs. The accuracy rate of the Raman optical spectrum analyzer is as high as 88%, therefore, it can be effectively used as evidence for the prosecutor's application for detention and the judge's decision to detain. Moreover, the use of this device for preliminary drug testing in the judicial process can reduce the number of misjudged people who are innocent and deter those who have escaped legal sanctions. Therefore, it is more able to uphold justice and maintain human rights. This study puts forward the following suggestions: (1) The accumulation and inheritance of experience under various conditions when operating the Raman optical spectrum analyzer is very important; (2) The Raman drug database can be increased and updated by sharing with relevant agencies, purchasing from manufacturers or through self-recommendation; (3) Under the budget of funding, the Police can purchase a Raman optical spectrum analyzer with a wavelength of 1064nm instead of a Raman spectrometer with a wavelength of 785nm to improve the fluorescence interference problems and to enhance the effectiveness of drug identification; (4) Factors such as drug purity or sampling errors may affect the results of Raman spectroscopy, so the identification of drug exhibits should still be subjected to professional identification agencies.