當代國際刑法核心議題的論芻議

The Modest Proposal for the Argument of the Core Issues Arising from Contemporary International Criminal Law

國際法主體自第一次世界大戰以後，由國家逐漸擴及到國際組織及個人，也由於個人成為國際法之主體，故得以在國際法下直接負擔個人責任，從而於第二次世界大戰後，逐漸萌生出國際刑法此一新興學門。廣義之國際刑法包括了國際法下有個人責任之國際核心犯罪（international crime stricto sensu），如戰爭罪、奴隸、種族滅絕等罪行；或各國以制止性公約加以制裁之國際關切的跨國犯罪（international crimes of international concern），如毒品販運、劫機、組織犯罪等；以及透過內國法和國際法義務兩者聯合運作下之國內關切的跨國犯罪（transnational crimes of domestic concern）等三種型態，上述規範個人責任之國際核心犯罪為真正意義上之國際刑法，後兩種則為傳統上之跨國刑法（transnational criminal law）範疇。吾人大多不識國際刑法與其中的國際犯罪及跨國犯罪等概念應如何區分，故本文將現時國際刑法所應涵蓋之課題逐一提出並分析，期能讓讀者瞭解當今國際刑法實踐上之核心議題，望能促進我國在國際法制之研究與實踐，並敦促我國國會將核心犯罪之國際刑法戰爭罪立法進入國內刑法體系，以接軌國際社會。

Since the First World War, the subject of international law has gradually expanded from countries to international organizations and individuals. Since individuals have become the subject of international law, they can assume personal responsibility under the international law directly. After World War II, the prototype of international criminal law gradually emerged. In a broad individuals are responsible under international law, such as war crimes, slavery, genocide, etc.; offences of international concern sanctioned by various countries under the Suppression Convention, such as illegal drug trafficking, aircraft hijacking, organized crime, etc.; and transnational crimes of domestic concern under the joint operation of domestic law and international law obligations. The international core crime of personal responsibility is international criminal law in the true sense, and the other two are traditional transnational criminal law. Most people do not know how to distinguish international criminal law and the concepts of international crime and transnational crime. Therefore, this article proposes and analyzes the topics that should be covered by current international criminal law, hoping to enable readers to understand the core issues in the practice of international criminal law today, hoping to promote our country's research and practice in the international legal system, and urge our Congress to enact the core crimes of international criminal law, such as war crimes, into the domestic criminal law system, and get connected to the international community.