2000年以後法國華人協會的發展－－在法國共和制模式背景下協會的功能變化及侷限

The Development of Chinese Associations in France after 2000: Changing Functions and Limitations under the French Republican Model

法國華人協會隨著大量華人移民定居法國和思鄉之情的需求而生，其種類最初主要有會館、同鄉會、宗親會、商會，功能最早集中於聚集同鄉、同族和交換資訊。第二次世界大戰後，隨著法國的經濟建設以及華人移民結構變化，法國華人協會的構成種類和相應功能也隨之轉變，這些變化一部分順應了法國移民融入模式――共和制模式的要求，一部分契合了法國華人對政府的訴求，還有一部分則回應華人在融入法國的危機中面臨的挑戰。其中，權益維護以及參政議政功能的新增，是最為顯著的差別。本文聚焦法國華人協會種類和功能的轉變進程，從中探討法國政府和法國華人各自面臨的挑戰。

The French Chinese associations emerged in response to the settlement of a large number of Chinese immigrants in France that started to feel homesick. The main types of associations were initially assembly halls, native-places associations, clan associations, and commercial guilds, and their functions were initially focused on the gathering and exchange of information among fellow countrymen and clansmen. After the Second World War, as the French economy was soaring and the structure of Chinese immigration changed, the composition and related functions of Chinese associations in France likewise changed, partly in response to the demands of the French model of integration of immigrants – the republican model, partly in response to the demands of the French Chinese in the government, and partly in response to the challenges faced by the Chinese in the French integration crisis. One of the biggest differences is that the French Chinese associations had the additional function of defending rights and participating in　politics. This paper aims to examine the process of how the functions of the Chinese associations in France transformed, and the challenges faced by the French government and the Chinese in France in this process.